气候条件对候鸟物候期的影响

利用呼和浩特市武川县气象站(1961—2009年)气象观测资料及物候期观测资料(1982—2009年),分析了该地区气候和两种候鸟物候期的趋势变化特征以及候鸟物候期对气候变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)近49年来武川县年平均气温上升趋势极为明显,倾向率为0.46℃/10a;年平均风速呈极显著的下降趋势,总日照时数、年累积降水量的变化趋势不明显;(2)物候期变化趋势特征表现在家燕、豆雁的始见期推迟;绝见期均有显著提前;家燕、豆雁的始、绝见期间隔时间分别以16.2d/10a和18.7d/10a的速率极显著缩短;(3)家燕、豆雁的物候期变化敏感气候因子是5、6、7、8、9、10月和5—10月各时间段平均气温,其次是6、9月总日照时数。

The Influence of Climatic Condition on Phenophase of Migratory Birds

Using the meteorological observation data which from 1961 to 2009 years and phenophase observation data which from 1982 to 2009 years of Wuchuan county meteorological station in Hohhot,the climate and tendency variation characteristic of two kinds of migratory birds phenophase and the response relation between migratory birds phenophase and climatic change were analyzed.The result showed that： Firstly,the increasing trend of annual average temperature was very obvious with rate of 0.46℃/10a,and annual average wind velocity decreased dramatically while the total sun-shining hours and annual accumulated precipitation had little change in recent 49 years＇.Secondly,phenophase changes were the delay of barn swallow and bean goose beginning occurrence stage and the obvious advance of barn swallow and bean goose last occurrence stage.The time interval of beginning occurrence stage and last occurrence stage of barn swallow and bean goose shortened obviously with the rate of 16.2d/10a and 18.7d/10a.Thirdly,the sensitive climatic factor of phenophase change of barn swallow and bean goose were as following： monthly mean temperatures in May,June,July,August,September and October,and the average temperature from May to October.Additionally,the total sun-shining hours in June and September could be considered as sensitive factors.