中国大都市新移民的住房模式与影响机制

利用在广州、东莞、沈阳、成都、杭州、郑州6市进行配额抽样调查(2008-2009年)所获得的3168份问卷,采用Logistic回归分析等计量方法,研究快速城市化下中国大都市“新移民”的住房状况、模式与机制.研究表明,城市新移民已经成为一个日趋分化的复合群体,可分为劳力型移民、智力型移民、投资型移民三类,三类新移民住房状况存在较大差异.总体上,新移民人均住房面积为20.69m2,其中智力型新移民的人均住房面积最高(24.87 m2/人),劳力型新移民的最低(16.26 m2/人).就住房设施条件而言,新移民的设施指数为0.35,水平较低；其中投资型新移民的设施条件最好,智力型新移民的设施条件次之,劳力型新移民最差.经过多年市场化和户籍制度改革,社会经济要素对于新移民住房模式(购房或租房)的影响越来越大,但当前各类新移民的住房模式主要由制度因素(户口)所决定,职业因素对新移民住房模式的影响尚不显著.不过,职业对新移民租房的类型选择具有较大影响.此外,影响新移民住房设施水平的主要因素包括户口、收入水平、教育水平、婚姻状况、年龄和新移民类型等多个方面,其中户口仍是决定性因素.

Housing Conditions, Patterns and Mechanisms of Second Generation Migrants in Urban China:A Case Study of Six Large Cities

With a database based on 3168 copies of questionnaires collected from six Chinesecities of Guangzhou,Dongguan,Shenyang,Chengdu,Hangzhou and Zhengzhou,this studyexamines housing conditions,patterns and determinants of second-generation migrants ofurban China.With a series of quantitative analysis,it is found that three types of Chinesenew migrants,labor migrants,intellectual migrants,and investor migrants have differenthousing conditions.For instance,the average housing area of new migrants is about 20.69 sq.m.,while that of the intellectual migrants is the biggest(24.87 sq.m.) and that of the labormigrants is the smallest(16.26 sq.m.).In terms of the quality of housing facilities,the scoreof the facility index for the new migrants in general is by no means high,about 0.35.Moreover,investor migrants hold the best facilities,while labor migrants hold the worst,andintellectual migrants is in between.It is indicated that housing conditions of new migrants arelargely differentiated.Second,after three decades of market reform,housing conditions andpatterns of new migrants are still mainly determined by institutional factors such as hukou.Inaddition,housing facility qualities are mainly influenced by such factors as hukou status,income,educational background,marriage,age and migrant types,and hukou is the majordeterminant for the housing facility quality of second generation migrants.