基于MRIO模型的中美欧日贸易隐含碳特点对比分析

基于GTAP8数据库，构建了2004年和2007年全球多区域投入产出（MRIO）表，测算了中国、美国、欧盟和日本基于生产端和消费端的碳排放量，对比了中、美、欧、日各自对外贸易隐含碳特征，分析了中美、中欧、中日双边贸易中的隐含碳特点。结果表明：2004和2007年,中国基于生产端的碳排放高出消费端15%以上，而美、欧、日则低5%左右；中国是隐含碳净出口国，而美、欧、日则属于隐含碳净进口国；中国出口隐含碳最高的前三个行业依次是设备制造业、纺织服装业和其他制造业；美、欧出口隐含碳最多的行业则是设备制造业、交通业和石化工业，日本的出口隐含碳高度集中于设备制造业。

Study on the Carbon Embodied in Trades of China,the United States,EU and Japan Using the MRIO Model

Based on the GTAP8 database, the global multi-regional input-output (MRIO) tables for the year of 2004 and 2007 were established. The production-based and consumption-based CO₂ emissions of China, the United States, EU and Japan were calculated and the carbon embodied in foreign trade of China, the United States, EU and Japan were analyzed. The features of carbon embodied in bilateral trade of China-USA, China-EU and China-Japan were also compared. In 2004 and 2007, the production-based CO₂ emission is 15% higher than the consumption-based CO₂ emission for China, but the production-based CO₂ emission is 5% lower than the consumption-based CO₂ emission for the United States, EU and Japan. China is a net exporter of embodied carbon whereas the other three are net importers of embodied carbon. The top three industries with highest carbon emission embodied in export of China are equipment manufacturing industry, textiles and apparel industry, and other manufacturing industry, but the top three industries with highest carbon emission embodied in exports of the United States and EU are equipment manufacturing industry, transportation, and petrochemical. The carbon emission embodied in export of Japan is highly concentrated on equipment manufacturing industry.