全球水冲突问题研究进展与热点的可视化分析

水冲突是发生在国家、州（省）、团体等不同利益主体之间关于水资源获取的矛盾。冷战以来，水冲突相关事件的总体烈度下降，事件数量大幅增长；与此同时，水冲突问题的研究也开始获得广泛关注，研究热度快速提升。水冲突问题关系到区域安全和可持续发展，有必要对相关研究进行梳理。为此，利用非监督机器学习、空间分析以及数据可视化方法，对国内外水冲突相关研究进行梳理，统计了相关研究的空间结构，构建了研究文献语料库，归纳了水冲突研究的主要热点议题。发现：水冲突相关研究具有明显的空间异质性，且不同的议题在时间上呈现不同的演进趋势；水冲突相关研究的主要议题包括：水冲突成因、水冲突分析方法与模型、水冲突解决机制、气候变化对水冲突的影响，以及水霸权主义与国际水法等。

A literature review on water conflict

Water conflicts occur between countries, states (provinces), groups and other different stakeholders over the access to water. Since the end of the Cold War, the overall intensity of water conflict related events has declined, and the number of events has increased significantly. Meanwhile, researches on water conflicts has begun to gain widespread attention. This paper uses unsupervised machine learning, spatial analysis and data visualization methods to sort out the researches on water conflicts and summarizes the main topics of water conflict research. It is found that water conflict related research have obvious spatial heterogeneity, and the evolution trends of different topics in time vary; the main topics of water conflict related research include: causes, analysis methods and models, conflict resolution mechanisms, the impact of climate change, water hegemonism and international water law.