基于地缘位势理论的中国对巴基斯坦投资对策研究

中国周边国际地缘环境十分复杂，科学合理地测度中国在周边地缘环境中的影响力，是国家的国际战略和外交政策的主要研究内容。本文在三种相关理论的基础上，基于主导性和可操作性原则，构建了国家地缘位势的指标体系；从硬实力、软实力、相互依赖力三个维度，计算2000—2017年中国在巴基斯坦的地缘位势。结果显示：中国对巴基斯坦的地缘位势得分从2000年的9.6提升到2017年的101.4，增长了9倍多；其中软实力增长了22.66倍，表明中国对巴基斯坦的地缘影响力在逐渐扩大。随着“中巴经济走廊”建设的不断推进，中国在巴基斯坦的投资力度也不断增加，因此研究投资所面临的风险就显得尤为重要。本文分析了中国企业在巴投资面临复杂的地缘环境、欠佳的投资环境、经济风险和跨文化风险，在“一带一路”新的历史机遇下提出新的投资策略，以期为企业降低投资风险，为国家“走出去”发展战略提供参考。

A study on China's investment strategy to Pakistan based on geo-potential theory

Since the international geo-environment around China is complex, it is necessary for China to measure it's influence on the surrounding geo-environment in a scientific and rational way. It is also the main content of China's international strategy and foreign policy. Based on the three relevant theories and the principles of dominant and operability, this article constructed the index system of national geo-potential and calculated China's geo-potential on Pakistan from the dimension of hard power, soft power and interdependent. The findings indicate that China's geo-potential score on Pakistan increased from 9.6 in 2000 to 101.4 in 2017, an increase of 956.25%, of which the soft power grew the fastest, increased by 22.26 times. It demonstrates that China's geographic influence on Pakistan has been gradually expanding. With the continuous development of the "China-Pakistan Economic Corridor", China's investment in Pakistan is increasing, so it is particularly important to study the investment risks faced by China. This paper analyzes the complex geopolitical environment, harsh investment environment, economic and intercultural risks which Chinese enterprises faced in Pakistan, and puts forward a investment strategy under the new historical opportunity of "Belt and Road Initiative". It would help to reduce the investment risks for enterprises and provide scientific reference for the national strategy of "going out".