重庆岩溶区气候变化对水文水资源的影响

本文以重庆岩溶区为研究对象,从水文水资源方面分析了气候变化对岩溶生态系统的影响。结合水文数据与气象数据,运用数学分析的方法主要研究了气温和降水对水文水资源要素的影响。从研究中可知道,岩溶区降水变化对径流量影响显著,呈显著正相关,并且年均降水量与年均径流量存在指数增长关系。同时由于降水的变化,导致重庆岩溶区干旱、洪涝和正常年交替出现,且旱涝持续时间长。气温是影响蒸发的重要因子,可能蒸散量随着气温的变化呈现出明显的季节变化和年际变化,气温升高,则蒸发量增加,反之则减少。从空间上,可能蒸散量大体上西部大于东部,北部大于南部。

Influence of Climate Changes on Hydrologic Regimes and Water Resources in Chongqing Karst Ecosystem

Taking karst areas of Chongqing as study case,this paper analyzed the climate changes on karst ecosystem in the aspects of hydrologic regimes and water resources.According to the hydrologic data and meteorologic data,the influence of temperature and precipitation on elements of water resources were studied with mathematic analysis method.The results show that precipitation change had a great influence on runoff,showing dramatic positive correlation.With precipitation decreasing,runoff descended.Furthermore,precipitation change resulted in droughts,floods and normal years occurred by turns,and durative time of droughts and floods was long.In the karst areas of Chongqing,air temperature is an important factor of affecting evaporation.Potential evaporation had seasonal change and annual change obviously with temperature change.With temperature ascending,evaporation increased,or else decreased.In space,evaporation in the west was higher than that in the east,evaporation in the north was higher than that in the south.