风沙灾害对策勒绿洲棉花生物量的影响

为定量评估风沙灾害对策勒棉区棉花生物量的影响,2011—2012年以新陆中21号为供试品种,在中国科学院新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站农民常规栽培模式田内进行有、无防风沙网防护对棉花最终产量影响的对比观测试验,发现频繁的风沙天气对棉花产量形成的影响分两个阶段,前期营养生长阶段,棉花植株抗逆性弱,而此时该地区风沙活动频繁,植被盖度低,平均风速较大,因此该时段棉花遭受风沙危害后其出苗率明显降低,导致后期严重缺苗;棉花营养生长和生殖生长并进时期抗逆性增强,绿洲植被覆盖度增加,起沙风频次减少,从而导致风沙对棉花生长的影响减弱,仅使棉花植株发育期延迟,地上部分单位面积上的生物量在防护网内比网外多52%,但单株生物量仅多4%。

The Influence of Wind Sand Disaster on Cotton Biomass in Cele Oasis

To estimate the effect of windy and dusty on growth of cotton during the flowering stage in Cele county, the field experiment was carried out by using the variety Xinluzhong 21 as the materials in the national field station for desert and grassland ecosystem during the period of 2011-2012. The aim of the study was to analyze the characteristics difference of seedling rate, growth stage, photosynthesis rate and agronomic characters in the field condition of with or without gauze covering. The result showed that, the effect of cotton growth by wind and sand was divided into two stages, during the early stage, cotton plant resistance was weak, but sand and wind activity was frequent in the region at this time, vegetation coverage was lower, the average wind speed of sand-driving wind was relatively large, therefore, it was easy to cause the damage of the cotton in this period, and then the seedling emergence rate decreased. At the late growth stage, cotton plant resistance enhancement, vegetation coverage increased in Cele Oasis, frequency of sand-driving wind decreased, so the effect of wind sand disaster on cotton growth subsided. Only cotton plant development stage delayed, above-ground biomass decreased.