An improved simple shear apparatus for GCL internal and interface stress-displacement measurements

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) have been widely used as a hydraulic barrier along with HDPE geomembrane (GM) in landfills. Both the internal and interface strengths of GCLs are very important for evaluating landfill stability. An improved simple shear apparatus used in this study does not force the shear failure to occur along a pre-determined plane. The composite specimens can fail along any interface or through shearing of the GCL internally. The displacement of each component of the specimen can also be measured during the tests. When non-woven geotextile side contacts textured GM (NWGT/GMX) and woven geotextile side contacts compacted clay layer (WGT/CCL) for a dry GCL, the failure interface can change from NWGT/GMX interface to WGT/CCL interface with the increases of the normal stresses. Conversely, when woven geotextile side contacts textured GM (WGT/GMX) and non-woven geotextile side contacts compacted clay layer (NWGT/CCL) for a dry GCL, the failure always occurs at the WGT/GMX interface for all applied normal stresses. The internal failure of the GCL did not occur when the normal stress increased up to 1,500 kPa for the GCL in dry condition.