南极半岛及附近地区大风天气及其预报

南极半岛及附近地区经常出现大风天气,它是影响该地区的主要天气现象.造成大风的主要天气系统是极地气旋.极地气旋的强弱、移速和路径的不同,对南极半岛及附近地区的影响也不同.而周围的环境流场也是形成大风的重要因素.所以,分析天气形势背景,对做好该地区大风天气现象的预报是十分重要的.本文利用1985年1月到1987年10月中国南极长城站接收的智利南极弗雷气象中心播发的南半球地面传真天气图,北京气象中心绘制的南半球地面和500hPa高空天气图资料,结合长城站的地面气象观测资料,对影响南极半岛及附近地区的大风天气过程进行了分析和研究.主要根据地面天气图上的天气形势归纳为四种类型:(1)强极地高压型;(2).强副热带高压型;(3)南美大陆高压型;(4)副热带高压脊线南伸型.同时,结合分析结果提出了预报南极半岛及附近地区大风天气的思路.

SYNOPTIC ANALYSIS AND FORCASTING OF HEAVY WINDS OVER ANTARCTIC PENINSULA AND NEIGHBOURING AREA

Basing on the fax surface synoptic maps transmitted by Frei Meteorological Center, Antarctica, Chile, and 500hPa isobaric charts of southern hemisphere in the period of January, 1985 to October, 1987, drown by Beijing Meteorological Center, the heavy winds phenomena occurred over the Antarctic Peninsula and neighbouring area are studied. According to the relative locations of polar cyclones, Antarctic continental high and sub-tropical high, the weather situations producing heavy winds over this area are classified into four models: 1.strong polar cyclones; 2.strong sub-tropical high; 3.high centered on the southern America continent; 4.spreading southwardly of su-tropical high. The methoud of frocasting heavy winds in connection with the models over this areas are put forward.