我国海洋地质分析测试技术

21世纪是海洋开发和利用的新世纪,随着国家对海洋地质调查工作的日益重视,海洋地质分析测试技术迎来了快速发展时期。本文对我国海洋地质分析测试技术的最新进展进行了简要评述:为满足海洋区域调查、海岸带地质调查的需要,建立了以大型分析仪器为主的多元素同时分析海洋地质样品的快速高效分析方法体系;针对新能源天然气水合物样品,开展了异常识别测试技术和应用测试技术研究,建立了用离子色谱法快速测定孔隙水中阴离子Cl^-、Br^-、SO₄^2-和阳离子Na⁺、NH₄⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺ 的方法,开发出了以声学、电阻、时域反射(Time Domain Reflectometry, 简称为TDR)三种探测技术为主的适用于天然气水合物模拟实验的探测新技术;对于海洋沉积物中有机污染物样品,采用复合固相萃取净化柱,对海洋沉积物萃取液样品进行净化分离,依次选用正己烷和正己烷－二氯甲烷混合液淋洗固相萃取净化柱,可有效保留基体杂质,实现了海洋环境地质调查中基质复杂沉积物样品的同时净化、分离与测试,可显著提高实验效率;同时在大洋矿产样品分析技术、海洋地质标准物质研制、船载与原位化学探测技术等方面也取得了重要进展。本文还提出在海洋调查和监测的应用中,船载及原位测试技术将愈趋重要,加强海洋化学传感器的性能和检测集成化技术是今后的一个重要发展方向。

The Latest Progress of Geological Marine Testing Technology in China

The twenty-first century is a new century in ocean development and utilization. With increasing attention paid by the government, geological marine surveys, in particular geological marine analysis and testing technology has gained significant progress. The latest progresses on China's geological marine analysis and testing technology is briefly summarized in this paper. Progress is listed as follows: establishing a fast and efficient systematic method for simultaneous multi-element analysis of geological marine samples by large analytical instruments, in order to meet the demand of regional geological marine surveys and geological coastal surveys; establishing and expanding test technology of anomaly identification and application for gas hydrate samples,including the methods of rapid qualitative tests on anions (Cl^-, Br^-, SO₄^2-) and cations (Na⁺, NH₄⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺) in pore water by ion chromatography, and new detection technologies on natural gas hydrate simulated experiments based on ultrasonic, resistance and time domain reflectometry (TDR). Establishing an integrated method for organic pollutant samples in marine sediments to simultaneously purify, separate and test, which mainly applies a composite SPE column to separate and uses C₆H₁₄ and C₆H₁₄/CH₂Cl₂ solution to leach, so as to effectively retain the substrate impurity and thus significantly improve the test efficiency is also summarized. In addition, other progresses are also introduced, such as ocean mineral sample analysis technology, geological marine reference material development and ship-carried and in-situ chemical detection technology. It is speculated that the ship-carried and in-situ testing technology in the marine investigation and monitoring will become more and more important, and that strengthening the performance of marine chemical sensors and detection of integrated technology is an important development direction in the future.