基于GIS RS与AHP耦合技术的矿山水力侵蚀研究

晋陕蒙(西)地区的水力侵蚀受控于多种因素。在详尽地分析了影响水力侵蚀的各种因子基础上，确定母质类型、植被覆盖、地貌类型、沟壑密度、地形坡度、土地利用类型、矿山开发面积、降雨强度、水土保持、大风强度作为其主控致灾因子。根据遥感(RS)解译成果，应用GIS分别建立了各主控因子的专题层图，利用先进的层次分析方法(AHP)，确定影响水力侵蚀的各致灾因子的权重系数。通过GIS、RS与AHP耦合技术的应用，对各子专题层图进行加权复合叠加，利用频率和频数分布直方图，确定出水力侵蚀的分区阈值，构建水力侵蚀的危险度评价的多源地学信息复合叠加模型，并对水力侵蚀危险度进行了分区评价。水力侵蚀模型的建立，为水力侵蚀的分区评价与预测提供了理论依据，使评价结果更加科学、合理、准确。

Water-power erosion in mines coupling GIS,RS and AHP model

The water-power erosion is controlled by several geological factors in Shaanxi Province, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and Shaanxi Province. On basis of analysis of geological factors, dominating factors are selected including soil type, vegetation, landform, ravine, topography slope, soil-using type, mine area, rainfall intensity, water and soil conservation, and wind intensity. The thematic layer of every dominating factor is constructed by GIS and RS interpretation, and weight coefficient of every dominating factor is determined by AHP method. With application of coupling GIS,RS,AHP model, thematic layers are superimposed according to the respective weight and subarea threshold is taken by frequency histogram, finally, coupling model with multi-source geology information is built to assess danger degree of water-power erosion and subarea assessment is carried based on danger degree. The construction of coupling model has laid a solid theory foundation for subarea assessment and forecast and makes it more scientific, rational and quantitative.