简析我国城市地下空间开发利用的问题与挑战

虽然中国城市地下空间的建设规模和速度已经位居世界首位，但中国城市地下空间的开发利用仍存在着一系列亟须解决的问题和挑战。文章通过调研不同城市的地下空间开发利用现状并借鉴其他国家的经验，从管理、技术、运维和人才4个层次解析了中国城市地下空间开发利用所面临的问题和挑战。具体地说，在管理方面，缺少管理依据，缺失综合管理机构，管理机制和管理制度仍不健全，亟须建立中国特色的地下空间管理体系；在技术方面，复杂地质、复杂环境下的扰动施工控制技术仍需进一步提高，缺少新型的装备和技术，深层地下空间的开发利用尚处于起步阶段，亟须建立基于开发与保护的全深度、全资源开发利用技术体系；在运维方面，缺少地下基础设施维护与更新的成套技术体系，缺乏对运维信息的管理和应用，灾害下的地下空间逃生救援体制不完善，亟须建立数字化、智慧化的安全运维体系；在人才方面，尚未建立完善的地下空间学科体系，缺乏跨学科、复合型人才，亟须建立健全的地下空间人才培育体系。

Issues and challenges in urban underground space utilization in China

Although the scale and expansion speed of urban underground space utilization (UUSU) in China rank first in the world, a series of challenging issues still need to be resolved urgently. In this paper, based on our investigation of UUSU in different Chinese cities and the experience of other countries, we summarized these issues into four categories: management, technology, operation and maintenance, and human resources. In management, lack of guidelines and without a comprehensive management agency, China is facing challenges to establish an UUSU management system that can meet its needs. In technology, further improvements are needed in controlling construction disturbance in complex geological environment. Without advanced modern equipment while deep UUSU just begins, it can be challenging to design a versatile technological system based on development and conservation principles. In operation and maintenance, a comprehensive technical system needs to be developed for UUS infrastructure maintenance and escape-rescue operation. Management and utilization of UUS monitoring data is still in the initial stage, therefore, building a digital and intelligent operation/maintenance system can be challenging but is in urgent need. Lastly in human resources, strengthening investment in UUS engineering discipline will ease the shortage of all-around UUS engineers. Also a sound educational system is urgently needed to meet the demand for qualified UUS technicians.