岩体破裂矩张量反演方法及其应用

地震及岩体失稳破裂过程中，破裂机制、震源参数及破裂能量等信息均可通过矩张量方法求解，文中详细介绍了矩张量基本理论，对比分析了绝对矩张量反演法、相对矩张量反演法、混合型矩张量反演法等3种常用方法的优缺点。在详细归纳、总结国内外相关文献的基础上，就水压致裂、采矿及深埋隧道等工程领域综述了矩张量反演理论在岩体工程中的应用现状，并结合其在德国黑林根矿区微震事件震源机制分析中的应用实例，表明通过矩张量反演获取的震源机制解及震源参数等信息，在岩体工程灾害预警及防治、水压致裂过程监测和控制等领域具有重要作用。最后分析了影响矩张量反演精度的因素及应用于岩体工程领域时存在的不足，包括定位精度低、波形识别及处理困难等问题，并对其在采矿、石油等岩体工程领域的应用前景、改进措施及需进一步研究的问题等进行了探讨，为矩张量反演方法的推广应用提供重要的参考。

Moment tensor inversion of rock failure and its application

During the process of earthquake and rock fracturing, the fracture mechanisms, source parameters and rupture energy can be obtained by moment tensor inversion. In this paper, the moment tensor theory and its inversion method are introduced in detail; and then a comparison of merits and demerits about three major inversion methods, namely the absolute moment tensor, the relative moment tensor and the hybrid moment tensor is conducted. On the basis of detailed classification and summary of the domestic and foreign references, the application status of moment tensor is reviewed in the fields of hydraulic fracturing, mining and deep tunnel, etc., and combining with its application example in analysis of the focal mechanisms of Hamm Heringen region microseismic events. The results show that the focal mechanisms solution and seismic parameters can be achieved by moment tensor inversion, which played a vital role in the fields of disaster warning and prevention of rock engineering, monitoring and control of hydraulic fracturing, etc. Finally, the factors which influence the accuracy of moment tensor inversion and the insufficient factors including the low precision of microseismic events location and difficult of waveform identification and processing when it is applied to rock engineering fields are analyzed. Meanwhile, the application prospect in the rock engineering field about mining, petroleum engineering, etc., the improvement, as well as the problems need further study are discussed, so as to provide an important reference for applications of moment tensor inversion method.