经济地理学视角下西方产业集群研究的演进及其新动向

近30年来,西方经济地理学经历了快速、多元的理论转向,产业集群理论则在汲取相关养分的基础上形成了研究焦点和内容的演进,并持续影响着我国产业集群研究的发展与实践。以经济地理学为研究视角,首先梳理20世纪70年代末以来西方产业集群研究内容的发展脉络,将产业集群理论的演进划分为萌芽、发展和深化三个阶段。其次,对进入21世纪后产业集群研究的新动向进行归纳,发现研究焦点主要集中于网络、时间、空间和技术四个维度,同时在研究内容上呈现出四种变化特征和趋势:①从"集群结构"到"集群网络"的网络复杂性;②从"静态集群"到"集群演化"的时间动态性;③从"持久性集群"到"临时性集群"的空间非嵌入性;④从"实体性集群"到"虚拟性集群"的技术互联网性。最后,在此基础上进一步阐述其对我国产业集群研究的影响和启示。

The evolution and new trends on the studies of industrial cluster-A perspective from economic geography

During the last three decades, western economic geography has expe-rienced theoretical turns which changes rapidly and diversely. Based on ab-sorbing related knowledge from the turns, the theory of industrial cluster formed the evolution of research focus and content, and it has persistent im-pacts on the development and practice of the research on industrial cluster in China. From the perspective of economic geography, this paper firstly reviews the research on industrial cluster and its evolution since 1970s, and divides the theoretical evolution of industrial cluster into three stages: the embry-onic stage, the developed stage and the deepening stage. Secondly, it is ar-gued that there are some new trends for the research on industrial cluster af-ter 21st century, and the focuses of related studies are mainly on three di-mensions, which are network, time and space respectively. Meanwhile, three new characteristics and trends can be identified on the content of those studies:①the complexity of networks which is showed from ‘the structure of cluster’ to‘the networks of clusters’; ②the temporal dynamics of‘static cluster’ and‘cluster evolution’; ③the non-embeddedness on spatial aspect showed from‘permanent cluster’ to ‘temporary cluster’; ④the international networking feature in technology showed from ‘entitative cluster’to ‘virtual cluster’. Finally, based on such reviews, the paper further summerizes the influences and implications on the study of industrial cluster in China.