极地与青藏高原地区NOX的冰雪来源

 NO_x在雪-气之间的交换能够影响到极地大气边界层的大气成分和大气化学过程，增强极地大气边界层的氧化性，并可能影响对冰雪大气成分记录的解释。近年来，人们认识到冰雪在光照下释放NO_x是极地大气边界层NO_x的一个重要来源。从以下几方面对大气边界层NO_x的冰雪来源进行综述：NO_x冰雪来源的观测和实验证据、冰雪释放NO_x的机制和影响参数、极地NO_x浓度和通量以及极地冰雪NO_x化学过程对环境的影响。近年来，笔者已在处于北半球中纬度的青藏高原观测到冰雪表面光照下释放出比极地高1个量级浓度水平的NO_x，因此需更深入的科学研究揭示其对青藏高原大气氧化性的影响。

NOx Release from Snow and Ice Covered Surface in Polar Regions and Tibetan Plateau

The exchanges of NO_X between snow and air have a significant impact on the atmospheric components and photochemical processes in the overlying boundary layer, which increases the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere and may have a decisive impact on the air signals that are retrieved from ice cores. In the recent years, sunlit snow and ice has been proved to be an important NO_X source in the polar boundary layer. This paper makes a thorough review on the release of NO_X from snow and ice, including the following aspects: field observations and experimental evidences, release mechanisms and influential parameters that affect such a release process, polar NO_X concentrations and fluxes, and environmental impacts of the chemical processes of NO_X in the polar atmospheric boundary layer. In the Tibetan Plateau lying in the mid-latitude of Northern Hemisphere, the released NO_X observed recently in the sunlit snow/ice-cover is 1-order magnitude more than that in polar regions, but more in-depth scientific research is still needed to reveal its impact on the atmospheric oxidizing capacity.