闽江河口湿地的生物多样性及其可持续发展策略

闽江河口湿地共有鸟类118种,其中有冬 候鸟72种,夏候鸟12种,留鸟19种、旅鸟15种。 属于国家重点保护的珍稀鸟类14种,福建省重点 保护的鸟类21种,并有中日或中澳协定保护的鸟 类104种。共有维管束植物109科294属408种(含 亚种、变种)。有红树林、沙生植被、浅水植被、 沼泽植被4种植被类型和18个群系、22个群丛。有 大型底栖无脊椎动物61种,隶属于4门30科50属, 其中,节肢动物甲壳纲的种类最多,有13科23属 31种,其次为软体动物,有14科24属27种,有 浮游生物176种,其中浮游藻类97种,隶属于5门 45属;浮游动物有79种,隶属于6门62属。根据 闽江河口天然湿地类型,生物多样性的丰度、多 度、生态功能,将其分为3个层次进行保护和开发 利用:即重点保护类;保护性开发类;适度开发 类。

Biodiversity Conservation and Sustainable Development Strategies of Wetlands in the Min River Estuary

There are 118 bird species on wetlands of the Min River Estuary, among which 72 species are wintering birds, 12 summer type, 19 are residents and 15 are passages. Among 118 birds, 14 species are national protected birds and 21 are provincial protected birds. There are 104 in the list of Chinese-Japanese or Chinese-Australian Birds Protection Agreement. So far. altogether 408 species belonging to 294 genera and 109 families have been found in the wetlands of the Min River Estuary. The vegetation in the area of wetlands includes mangrove, sand vegetation, shallow water vegetation and marsh vegetation. There are 61 species macro benthos, among which 31 are crustacean belonging to 23 genera and 13 families, 27 are mollusk belonging to 24 genera and 14 families. On the wetlands, there are 176 species of plankton, among which there are 97 species of phytoplankton belonging to 5 division and 45 genera. There are 79 species of zooplankton belonging to 6 division and 62 genera. The wetlands were classified into three protected classes based on wetland areas, soil types, species diversity, richness, habitat types, ecological functions, and vegetation differences, These three classes are key protected type, protective exploitation type and exploitation type.