过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中富集的控制因素

在不同生成环境下生成的铁锰结核(壳)吸收不同的过渡金属元素。在成岩作用形成的铁锰结核中，Cu、Ni主要以锰相形式存在，而Co则以铁相的形式存在；在水成作用形成的铁锰结核(壳)中Cu、Co、Ni均以锰相的形式存在。这些过渡金属元素在成岩作用形成的结核中的存在与铁锰结核(壳)中锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物的晶体化学特征密切相关，而在水成作用形成的铁锰结核(壳)中的富集与锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物的晶体化。学特征关系不大。同时铁锰结核(壳)中锰矿物和铁的氧化物、氢氧化物又严格地受结核(壳)的生成环境的制约，因此，过渡金属元素Cu、Co、Ni在铁锰结核(壳)中的富集在一定程度上受结核(壳)生成环境的控制。

FACTORS CONTROLLING THE CONCENTRATION OF THE TRANSITION METALS Cu, Co AND Ni IN THE FERROMANGANESE DEPOSITS:AN OVERVIEW

Ferromanganese nodules (crusts) formed under different genetic conditions uptake different transition metals. Cu and Ni concentrate in diagenetic nodules in manganese phase while cobalt in diagenetic nodules is present in ferric phase. On the other hand, Cu, Co and Ni are all present in manganese phase in the hydrogenic nodules (crusts). The concentration of Cu, Co and Ni in nodules (crusts) relates closely with the crystal chemistry of the manganese oxide minerals and iron oxide minerals of the nodules (crusts). The origin of the ferric and manganese minerals of the nodules (crusts) is controlled by the environments in which the nodules (crusts) are formed and the transition metals such as Cu, Co and Ni have different geochemistry activities during the forming process of the nodules(crust) in different environments. Therefore, the formation environments of the nodules (crusts) influence the transition metals concentration in ferromanganese nodules (crusts).