江苏沿海地区土地利用生态价值测算评估

江苏沿海地区生态价值的测算评价对于区域土地合理利用、优化配置具有重要的指导意义。根据江苏沿海地区土地利用和生态服务特征构建了江苏沿海地区耕地、城镇工矿用地、林地和沿海滩涂4个主要地类的生态价值体系以及综合当量因子法、价值量评价法、市场价值法、专家评估法、生产成本法和偿付意愿法等的生态价值测算方法模型,基于土地利用数据、播种面积、产出值、单产价格、降雨量以及废水、废气及烟（粉）尘排放量等数据测算了2011年江苏沿海地区现状土地利用生态价值。结果表明,江苏沿海地区耕地的生态价值均值为6178.95元/hm²、城镇工矿用地的生态价值为-5163.26元/hm²、林地的生态价值为16 438.42元/hm²、沿海滩涂的生态价值为8125.53元/hm²;连云港市、南通市、盐城市的耕地、林地、沿海滩涂都产生了正向的生态价值,共计104.55、4.56、23.28亿元,而这3个城市的建设用地造成了一定的生态价值损失,共计-28.53亿元。

Calculating Ecological Value of Land Use in the Coastal Areas of Jiangsu Province

Calculating the ecological value of Jiangsu coastal region provides a significant guidance for making decisions regarding the scientific utilization of regional land and the optimized allocation of resources. According to the characteristics of land exploitation and the ecological services of Jiangsu coastal region, an ecological value-assessing indicator system was constructed by analyzing four primary types of land use, including farmland, urban industrial and mining land, woodland and coastal beach. Also, the assessment models used for calculating the ecological value of Jiangsu coastal region were constructed by incorporating the integrated equivalent factor method, the value evaluation method, the market valuation method, the expert evaluation method, the production cost method and the contingent valuation method. Based on a series of data, including the land exploitation data, the sown area, the output value, the unit price, the annual precipitation, and the discharge of waste water, waste gas and dust emission, the ecological value of land exploration in Jiangsu coastal region during 2011 was calculated. The results showed that: the unit ecological values of farmland in each city were similar, averagely being around 6000 yuan/hm². The ecological value yielded by the urban and industrial land in Nantong is reaching up to -7720.68 yuan/hm²; meanwhile, the ecological value yielded by the urban and industrial land in Lianyungang was relatively smaller. The modified ecological value of woodland was considerably high, which is much greater than the ecological values of farmland and coastal beach. According to the area and mean ecological value of the four primary types of land use in the Jiangsu coastal region, it could be calculated that the total ecological value of Jiangsu coastal areas in 2011 was 10.386 billion yuan. From the multi-disciplinary perspectives, in 2011, the ecological values of farmland, urban industrial and mining land, woodland and coastal beach in Jiangsu coastal area were 6178.95 yuan/hm², -5163.26 yuan/hm², 16 438.42 yuan/hm², and 8125.53 yuan/hm² respectively, which were calculated based on the average value of three cities. From the perspective of different cities, in 2011, the ecological values of farmland, urban industrial and mining land, woodland, and coastal beach of Lianyungang city were 2.406, -0.376, 0.243 and 0.183 billion yuan respectively. The ecological values of farmland, urban industrial and mining land, woodland, and coastal beach of Yancheng city were 5.414, -1.107, 0.206 and 1.118 billion yuan respectively. The ecological values of farmland, urban industrial and mining land, woodland, and coastal beach of Nantong city were 2.635, -1.37, 0.007 and 1.027 billion yuan respectively. And the adding-up total ecological values of farmland, urban industrial and mining land, woodland, and coastal beach in Jiangsu province were 10.455, -2.853, 0.456 and 2.328 billion yuan respectively. Among them, it could be found that the total ecological value of woodland was relatively smaller, considering that it has a relative smaller area.