二叠纪-三叠纪之交生物大灭绝与残存

当今人类正在面临大气二氧化碳浓度升高、全球变暖、海洋酸化等一系列气候环境问题，有科学家提出这可能导致第6次生物大灭绝.类似的灾难事件在地质历史上多次发生，因此以史为鉴、以古示今才能更好地认识、应对和解决这些问题.显生宙最大的一次生物灭绝事件发生在2.52亿年前的二叠纪-三叠纪之交，超过90%的海洋物种永久消失.此次生物灭绝的过程和原因一直是科学家关注和致力解决的关键科学问题之一.近年来的研究表明当前人类面临的这些极端的气候环境事件在2.52亿年前也都有发生，而且更为严重.本文重点围绕近年来有关二叠纪-三叠纪之交的生物和环境事件研究进展，结合化石和环境指标的地质记录以及生物与环境之间的相互作用关系，总结生物灭绝的过程和形式及相关环境因子的贡献，并探讨残存生物能够躲过这次灾难事件得以延续和发展的内在机制和外界原因. 

Mass Extinction and Survival during the Permian-Triassic Crisis

Today we are facing a series of climatic problems such as elevation of P_CO2, global warming, and ocean acidification, which may lead to the sixth mass extinction. The similar extreme climate has been happened repeatedly in the Earth history. Therefore, taking history as mirror will help us to better understand the nature of these problems and resolve them. The most severe extinction happened during the Permian-Triassic transition (252 Ma), eliminating over 90% species. In the past few decades, the process and cause about this extinction event have become the key scientific questions that need to be uncovered. Recent studies show the extreme climatic events we are facing now have been occurred near the Permian-Triassic boundary. The main purpose of this paper is to summarize recent studies on biotic and environmental events during the Permian-Triassic transition, including extinction process, pattern, and causes of the extinction, and survival mechanisms in its aftermath.