江苏近岸海域水文气象要素的时空分布特征

2006～2007年在江苏近岸海域进行水文气象要素(气温、湿度、风速风向、波浪、透明度、水色和海水温盐度等)大面观测。数据分析表明,各水文气象要素具有较大的空间分异,四季变化显著。秋季气温明显高于春季,冬季气温较历史数据偏高。整个海域风速较大,风向受季风控制,有效波高与风速之间显著相关。如东附近海域波浪较大,废黄河口波浪较小;春、夏季有效波高较小,而夏、秋季近岸海域波高较小,离岸波高增大。夏季海水透明度最大,平均为2.3m;冬季透明度最小,平均只有0.6m;水色与透明度呈负指数相关。春、秋季水温分布与气温分布基本一致,冬季大致沿等深线分布。射阳河口与长江口为低盐区,辐射沙脊群外缘为高盐区。与20世纪80年代的调查结果相比,出现了一些新特点。这些新的调查成果可为江苏近岸海域的海洋环境保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。

Seasonal distributions of hydrometeor parameters in the offshore sea of Jiangsu

Based on the seasonal hydrometeor parameters measured in the offshore sea along Jiangsu coasts from 2006 to 2007, we analyzed the distributions of the sea surface air temperature, relative humidity, wind speeds, significant wave height, water temperature and salinity. We found that the spatial distributions of these parameters varied remarkable among different seasons. The fine weather was mostly observed in autumn, and the rainy or snowy in winter. The sea fog usually occurred in spring. The air temperature is higher in autumn than in spring. The winter air temperature was higher than the historical data. The relative humidity reached the peak value in summer due to the high evaporation. The wind was very strong over the offshore sea of Jiangsu and mainly controlled by the monsoon. In addition, a significant correlation was present between the wind speed and significant wave height. The strong waves were observed in the Rudong offshore area. We also found that there was a negative exponential relationship between the seawater transparency and watercolor. In addition, the seawater temperature contours were consistent with the air temperature patterns in spring and autumn, and were parallel along the isobath in winter. Furthermore, the low salinity occurred in the Sheyang River mouth and Changjiang River mouth due to river discharges in the flood season, but high in the outer margin of radial sand ridges.