离心模型挡土墙试验设备的研制

土压力问题是土力学和岩土工程领域的基本研究课题。土压力离心模型试验是验证土压力计算方法和研究土压力形成物理机制的有力工具。笔者研制开发的土压力离心模型试验设备，可用于刚性挡墙的静止土压力和平动模式下主动侧土压力的研究。该设备采用电机作为驱动系统，使得挡墙能够缓慢均匀地位移；配备有控制挡墙位移的自动控制系统，使得挡墙在离心加速度增大的过程能够保持静止状态。针对填土面水平、墙后填土为砂土的情况进行了离心模型试验，测量了墙背土压力及填土位移场随挡墙位移量的变化。试验结果规律好，验证了设备的有效性。

Development of centrifuge model test facility of retaining wall

Estimation of earth pressures constitutes an important subject of research in geotechnical engineering. Centrifuge model test provides a powerful tool for the study of earth pressure. A set of centrifuge model test facility for the earth pressure is developed for the study of earth pressure at rest and active side for the rigid retaining wall system. A motor is employed to make the model retaining wall moving slowly and uniformly. Besides, an automatic control system is developed to retain the wall at rest when the centrifuge acceleration increases. Centrifuge model tests are conducted for the rigid retaining wall with horizontal sand backfill. Variation of earth pressure and deformation of backfill with the wall displacement is measured. The test results show a good regularity. Therefore, the facility is verified to be effective for the study of earth pressure at the active side with translational wall displacement.