库姆塔格沙漠地区景观格局与动态研究

在景观分类与制图基础上分析了库姆塔格沙漠地区的景观格局与20世纪70年代以来的景观动态。库姆塔格沙漠地区以干燥的石质山地、干旱的沙漠、戈壁和盐化荒漠为景观主体,人工和天然绿洲面积很小；分布有3种景观要素组合模式,即库姆塔格沙漠西部地区的山地-洪积扇-湖盆模式、西湖地区的湖盆-戈壁荒漠模式和敦煌洪积扇上的人工绿洲发育模式。近30多年来景观总体上变化不大,人工绿洲面积增加了1倍多,盐生草甸有比较明显的减少。沙漠表现出比较明显扩展趋势的区域,一是沙漠东南部边缘部分,有向东、向南扩展的迹象；二是沙漠南部边缘部分,在强烈的东北风作用下有向阿尔金山上扩展的迹象。人类的社会经济活动是库姆塔格沙漠地区景观变化的主要驱动力。

Landscape Pattern and Dynamics in the Kumtagh Desert Region

Based on landscape classification and cartography, we investigated the landscape pattern of the Kumtagh Desert region and its changes since the 1970s. Results indicate that dry lithoid massifs, shifting sandy desert, gobi and alkali-saline desert are the main proportion of the Kumtagh Desert region, compared to the small area of natural and artificial oases. The region is composed of three landscape modes including the mountain-pluvial fan-basin mode in the west of the Kumtagh Desert, the basin-gobi mode in the Xihu wetland area and the artificial oasis mode in the Dunhuang pluvial fan. The landscape changes were not significant during recent 30 years, except that the area of artificial oases doubled and the halophyte meadow decreased evidently. The significant expansion of the Kumtagh Desert occurred in its south and southeast edges. In the southeast edge, the desert extended southward and eastward. In the south edge, the desert spreads to the Altyn Mountain under the strong wind from the northeast. Human activities seem to be the main driving force of the landscape changes in the Kumtagh Desert region.