山城眺望空间OSCA模型构建及应用

山体是大自然赋予城市的天然景观资源,通过山与城市中建筑群构成的山城空间关系,可形成多类型的眺望景观。当前山城眺望景观在建设热潮中不断被破坏,逐渐消失在林立的高楼中,需要进行一定的控制和保护。以济南市中心城区为例,基于眺望控制分区,寻找城市建筑发展演变、分区建设的规律,结合元胞自动机与多智能体,提出基于眺望景观控制下的山城眺望空间CA-OSCA模型（Overlooking Space Cellular Automata）,构建山城眺望空间演变模型。利用GIS等数据分析平台,对模拟结果进行分析,构建真实城市空间下的未来山城眺望空间景观三维模型,以更加直观、真实地方法探讨在眺望景观分区控制的影响下,未来城市空间结构的发展模式,最终为未来山城眺望景观空间的控制与保护以及眺望景观保护下,山城城市未来空间发展结构提出发展策略。

Establishment and Application of Mountain City OSCA Model

The overlooking landscape of a mountain city is not only the natural landscape resources given by the nature, but also an important part of urban characteristics. Now, with rapid urbanization, the mountain body is gradually integrated with urban construction, forming the spatial characteristics of a mountain city. However, with the development of urban construction, the relationship between the city and the mountain gradually changes. The mountain landscape could be constantly changed during extensive urban construction, and the overlooking landscape of the mountain city will be disappeared in tall buildings and dense blocks. When people look far away, the green mountains will been gone, replaced with dense and airtight facade of high-rise buildings. Therefore, the overlooking landscape of a mountain city needs to be protected through appropriate methods. Taking Jinan city center as an example, this paper explores the rules of the evolution of architectures constructed based on the controlling zones and develops a spatial evolution model of mountain city by combining Cellular Automata theory and Multi-Agents theory which is called Overlooking Space Cellular Automata model (OSCA). We also use some data processing platforms such as GIS, to analyze and modify the results and discuss the developed models of urban spatial structure in a more intuitive way. Finally, we put forward strategies for future spatial development in mountain cities in order to protect or control the overlooking landscape of mountain cities. The OSCA model theoretically combines cellular automaton theory and multi-agent theory and technically integrates NetLogo simulation platform and ArcGIS 3D display platform, which is very innovative. Our research results show that the OSCA model can realize the dynamic evolution of a mountain city’s overlooking landscape and predict the future growth mode and development and construction mode of mountain city's overlooking space evacuation. It provides important theoretical and application values to guide urban planning and control the development of urban space. Although this study cannot bring all the complex elements into the model, it still provides reasonable evacuation suggestions for overlooking space according to the simulation results. We also put forward some solutions for the follow-up study on urban dynamic model construction and provide reasonable suggestions for the development of urban space and urban structure in future.