水稻种植环境综合适宜性评价方法研究

开展特定区域水稻种植产业布局是科学制定区域农业种植产业规划的重要内容,而水稻种植适宜性评价是水稻种植产业布局的前提。本文以中国好粮油示范县——福建省浦城县为研究区,基于层次分析模型构建土壤条件、立地条件、灌排条件、气候条件和机械耕作条件5大类共21个指标的水稻种植适宜性评价体系,利用地学模型、回归模型和空间插值等方法计算、模拟评价指标空间分布数据,形成5 m×5 m分辨率的评价指标栅格数据集,基于经验指数法建立适宜度指数模型,开展精细尺度下的水稻种植环境综合适宜性评价。利用实测样点水稻产量与水稻种植环境综合适宜度指数进行分析,发现二者呈显著正相关,验证了本研究评价工作的正确性和可行性。最后利用K-means属性聚类法识别研究区水稻种植多维环境适宜性的空间模式。结果表明：① 研究区水稻种植高度适宜、较适宜、中度适宜耕地面积占全县耕地面积的84.4%,次适宜耕地仅占15.6%,耕地整体适宜性较高;② Ⅰ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性和各类指标适宜性均较高;Ⅱ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较高,但灌排条件适宜性很低;Ⅲ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较高,但立地、土壤条件适宜性较低;Ⅳ类集聚区水稻种植综合适宜性较低,灌排条件适宜性最低。本研究可为水稻种植适宜性评价提供方法借鉴,并为浦城县更合理科学地开展农业种植规划提供依据。

Research on Comprehensive Suitability Evaluation Method of Rice Planting Environment

Carrying out the layout of the rice planting industry in a specific area is an important content of scientifically formulating the regional agricultural planting industry plan, and the comprehensive suitability evaluation of rice planting environment is the premise of rice planting industry layout. This paper takes Pucheng County, Fujian Province, a good grain and oil Demonstration County in China as the research area. The Analytic Hierarchy Model was used to construct a rice planting suitability evaluation system with 21 indicators in five categories: soil conditions, site conditions, irrigation and drainage conditions, climate conditions and mechanical farming conditions. The evaluation system uses geological models, regression models and spatial interpolation methods to calculate and simulate the spatial distribution data of evaluation indicators to form a 5 m×5 m resolution evaluation index grid data set. The suitability index model was established by using experience index method to carry out comprehensive suitability evaluation of rice planting environment in fine scale. Analyzing the rice yield of the actual samples and the comprehensive suitability index of the rice planting environment, it was found that the two were significantly positively correlated, which verified the correctness and feasibility of the evaluation work of this study. Finally, the K-means attribute clustering method was used to identify the spatial pattern of multi-dimensional environmental suitability of rice planting in the research area. The results show that: ① The cultivated land area with high, relatively and moderately suitable rice planting in the study area accounted for 84.4% of the cultivated land area of the whole county, and the sub-suitable cultivated land only accounted for 15.6%. The overall suitability of cultivated land was relatively high. ② The comprehensive suitability for rice planting and the suitability of various indicators are higher in the type I cluster area. Type II cluster area have higher comprehensive suitability for rice planting, but the suitability of irrigation and drainage conditions is very low. The comprehensive suitability of rice planting in type III cluster area is relatively high, but the suitability of site conditions and soil conditions are lower. Type IV cluster area have low overall suitability for rice planting, and the lowest suitability for irrigation and drainage conditions. This study can provide a method for the evaluation of the suitability of rice planting, and provide a basis for Pucheng County to carry out agricultural planting planning more rationally and scientifically.