GIS基础软件技术体系发展及展望

地理信息系统作为IT系统的重要组成部分,其技术的每一次进步都与最新IT技术的兴起息息相关。随着云计算、大数据、人工智能等技术的发展与应用,如今GIS基础软件已经形成五大技术体系：大数据GIS技术体系,增加了对空间大数据的存储管理、分析处理以及可视化的能力,丰富了空间数据的内涵;人工智能GIS技术体系,GIS通过结合人工智能相关算法,增强了GIS模型的分析预测能力,同时二者之间相互赋能,在增强GIS能力的同时,也让人工智能具备空间分析和可视化能力,拓展了其应用范围;新一代三维GIS技术体系,实现了二三维GIS一体化和多源异构数据的融合,推动了三维GIS从室外走向室内,从宏观走向微观;分布式GIS技术体系,突破了数据类型和容量的限制,数量级提升了GIS软件的性能,让高可用和高可信GIS应用成为可能;跨平台GIS技术体系,使得GIS软件可运行于不同类型的CPU架构和操作系统,满足日益丰富的多终端应用需求。五大技术相辅相成,进一步拓展了GIS基础软件的能力和应用场景。本文以SuperMap GIS为例,详细介绍了GIS五大技术体系的具体内容,阐述了每项技术的难点与创新点,并用光环曲线对五大技术体系的发展阶段进行了划分,探讨了未来GIS技术的发展趋势。

Development and Prospect of GIS Platform Software Technology System

As an important part of the IT system, every advancement of GIS technology is closely related to the rise of the latest IT technology. With the development and application of cloud computing, big data, artificial intelligence and other technologies, nowadays GIS basic software has formed five major technology systems.The big data GIS technology increases the storage management, analysis, processing and visualization of spatial big data, enriching the connotation of spatial data. Artificial intelligence GIS technology enables GIS to enhance the analysis and prediction capabilities of GIS models by combining AI related algorithms. At the same time, the two empower each other. While enhancing GIS capabilities, AI also has spatial analysis and visualization capabilities and expands Its scope of application. The new 3D GIS technology realizes the integration of 2D and 3D GIS and the integration of multi-source heterogeneous data. It promotes 3D GIS from outdoor to indoor,from the macro to the micro. Distributed GIS technology breaks through the limitations of data types and resource capacity. The performance of GIS software is improved by orders of magnitude. It makes highly available and highly reliable GIS applications possible. Cross-platform GIS technology enables GIS software to run on different types of CPU structures and operating systems, meeting the increasingly diverse needs of multiterminal applications. The five technologies complement each other, and they further expand the capabilities and application scenarios of GIS basic software. Taking SuperMap GIS as an example, this article introduces the specific content of the five GIS technology systems in detail and explains the difficulties and innovations of each technology. Finally, this article uses the hype cycle to divide the development stages of the five major technology systems and discusses the future development trend of GIS technology.