社会资本与地方经济发展:以广东新会为例

海外关系网络是一种特殊的社会资本,对地方经济的发展可以起到一定的促进作用。本文从社会网络作为资源配置渠道的角度,以广东新会为例,通过实地调研、数据统计及问卷分析,探讨了海外关系网络对地方经济发展的作用。研究发现,通过海外关系网络进入侨乡的资金主要有侨汇、捐赠和投资三种形式,三者都直接或间接地作用于新会地方经济发展的各个方面,对新会地方发展起到了重要的作用。然而,随着经济的发展和市场的建立,社会网络的作用正在减弱,说明社会资本只能在特定的时期和特定的历史条件下起作用。侨乡经济要取得持续发展,就必须加强市场的建设。

Social capital and local economic development: The case study of Xinhui in Guangdong Province

Since the formal use by Prof.Pierre Bourdieu,the concept of social capital has been discussed and expanded in international academic field.In this paper,the authors definite social capital as social network and take it as the channel of resources distribution.The study paid attention to the impact of capital flow through the social network on local economy and its change with time.The social network chosen in the study is overseas relationship and the case studied is Xinhui,the famous overseas Chinese hometown in Guangdong province,with 713,000 overseas fellows that is 82% of the total population. Based on the analysis of statistical data,questionnaires and interviews,the authors found there are three ways of capital flow into local economy through social network,emigrant remittance,donation and direct investment.Emigrant remittance is the source of civil capital accumulation.Donation improved the local infrastructure.Direct investment contributes to the local economic growth directly.The importance of the three ways is different with time,but all played the key roles in the taking off of local economy. The authors also found that the impact of social network has a trend of weakening down.The amount of emigrant remittance and donation increased in the 1980s and then decreased in the 1990s.At the same time,direct investment has over past the former two ways.Considering the background of China's economic reform from planned economy to market economy since the early 1980s,social network played a compensation role between weakened planning and immature market.With the improvement of market institution,social network is withdrawing from the resources distribution.For local sustainable development,market building and environment improvement are more important in the future.