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Large-scale replenishment of groundwater depletion by long-lived extreme rainstorms in arid regions: case study of the 2019 floods in Iran |
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| Authors: | Golian Mohsen Katibeh Homayoon Najafi Zeinab Saadat Habib Saffarzadeh Ali Ahmadi Aboozar Khazaei Mahdi Sametzadeh Ershad |
| Institution: | 1.Tehran Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran ;2.Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran ;3.Department of Environmental Geology and Hydrogeology, Earth Sciences Faculty, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran ;4.Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran ;5.Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran ;6.Urmia University, Urmia, Iran ; |
| Abstract: | The Dena rainstorm in Iran in March and April 2019 caused about US$ 8.3?×?109 damage in the country; however, it resulted in the replenishment of half of the dam reservoirs and 35% of ponds and lakes. Also, it increased the volume of groundwater stored in aquifers by 3.6?×?109 m3. In arid and semiarid regions such as most parts of Iran, which usually face water scarcity, getting water from rainstorms is essential for replenishing water resources. This research aims to quantify the direct and indirect effects of the Dena rainstorm on the replenishment of Iran’s groundwater storage using the groundwater balance method and water-table fluctuation method. Studies showed that the main mechanisms for replenishment of groundwater storage due to the rainstorm included increases in precipitation recharge, surface runoff recharge, and artificial recharge, and reductions in irrigation withdrawal and evapotranspiration, while the contribution of each factor is estimated to be about 23, 28, 2, 15, and 32%, respectively. |
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