生态补偿对农户生计的影响——以甘南黄河水源补给区为例

生态补偿项目对农户生计的影响关系到项目可持续性及社会公平性,近年来已成为生态补偿领域的研究热点。本文通过调查退牧还草工程前后甘南黄河水源补给区农户生计资本及生计方式的变化,分析了生态补偿项目对农户生计的影响,提出应建立多样化、差别化的补偿方式,提高项目区农户的生计能力,确保生计安全。研究发现:①生态补偿后农户生计总资本显著增加,除自然资本下降外,其余各类生计资本均增加,但纯牧区、半农半牧区、农区农户的生计资本变幅不同;②生态补偿后农户生计方式发生显著变化,从事非农活动的农户比例增加,生计多样化指数增加,其中农区农户的非农化程度及生计多样化指数的增幅均高于纯牧区与半农半牧区。

The impact of ecological compensation on the farmers' livelihood:A case study of Huanghe River Water Supply Areas of Gannan

The impact of ecological compensation on the farmers' livelihood has closely tied with the project sustainability and social fairness.Therefore,it has been a hot topic in research on ecological compensation in recent years.Taking the case of the project of returning grazing land to protected grassland in the Huanghe River Water Supply Areas of Gannan,based on the sustainable livelihood framework,this paper establishes an assessment model to assess the influence of farmers' livelihood caused by the ecological compensation program.The farmers' livelihood capitals and living activities are calculated according to survey information on the farmer households.In the end,advices are given to establish various and differentiated compensation ways to guarantee farmers' livelihood.The results show that: After the implementation of the ecological compensation programs,the total livelihood capital of farmers is increased,including the human capital,physical capital,financial capital and social capital.But the change amplitude of livelihood capital is different among in the pasture area,the farming-pastoral area and the farming area,which were 0.264,0.344 and 0.313,respectively.In the pasture area,the largest increase is the physical capital while the human capital and social capital are slightly increased;In the farming-pastoral area,the largest increase is financial capital,followed by physical capital and social capital,but the nature capital is decreased.In the farming area,the largest increase is human capital and social capital,followed by physical capital and financial capital.After ecological compensation,the livelihood activities of farmers have changed from the agricultural and animal husbandry to the non-farming mode.In the pasture area,farmers' business activities are growing at a high speed and the second choic is working-out,with the growth rates of 13.46% and 11.53% respectively;while in the farming-pastoral area and farming area,there is a large increase in working-out,and some farmers choose to do odd jobs.Meanwhile,the growth rate of working-out is higher in the farming-pastoral area than that in the farming area,with 47.22% and 34.49% respectively;while the growth rate of doing odd jobs is lower in the farming-pastoral area than that in the farming area,being 13.89% and 24.13% respectively.After the ecological compensation,farmers' livelihood activities tend to be diverse.The growth amplitudes of the farmers' livelihood diversity index in the farming area(1.17) are higher than those in the farming-pastoral area(0.81) and in the pasture area(0.57).The proportion of taking up a single living-way has been decreasing in these three areas,being 31.03%,22.23% and 19.23% respectively.At the same time,the proportion of taking up multi-living-way has been rising in the three areas,and in the farming area and the farming-pastoral area does make a relatively large and fast growth with 17.24% and 22.22% respectively.