基于雷电临近预警技术的主动防雷应用

为了使雷电临近预警技术在雷电灾害防御业务中更好地发挥作用，针对电子系统的雷电灾害特点，在传统被动防雷技术基础上，提出基于雷电临近预警的主动防雷技术，应用雷电临近预警和远程控制等技术，开发以B/S结构为架构的雷电临近预警应用系统。对2013年8月—2014年8月福建省泉州市4个无线电监测站的主动防雷应用效果进行两种方法的预警效果检验。检验结果表明:主动防雷技术是对被动防雷技术的一个较好的完善和补充。采用闪电数量对比分析，4个监测站的有效预警率为69%，采用预报评分方法对比分析，4个监测站的平均准确率为53%，对雷电活动发生较为集中的区域预警效果较好，对雷电活动发生较为零散的区域预警效果有所降低。

The Application of Initiative Lightning Protection Technology Based on Lightning Nowcasting and Warning

Based on traditional passive lightning protection technology, an initiative of lightning protection technology is proposed on the basis of lightning nowcasting and warning system, considering features of electron system thunderbolt disaster. An application system is developed based on B/S framework. The system can automatically block lightning surge channel of protection when lightning is coming, and return to normal when the alarm is clear. Through the visualization of GIS, the process of lightning, the evolution of effective warning and the implementation of control terminal are shown dynamically. A survey is carried out on terrain conditions of four radio stations at Quanzhou, and the historical lightning environment and the main route of lighting wave invasion are analyzed in detail. The initiative lightning protection technology is used in the serious area of thunderbolt disaster by the way of key locations. Combining the electromagnetic field of the lightning current radiation and the anti jam effect of electronic apparatus, the key location is determined within a 5 kilometer radius. In order to evaluate the effect, the response time of sub closing and the advanced direction and time detecting (ADTD) of monitoring data of each terminal is analyzed. The efficiency of initiative lightning protection is tested by two methods in these four radio stations from August 2013 to August 2014. One method is to calculate the efficiency of thunderbolt disaster depending by counting the total number of lightning in range of key locations, the number of lightning when the warning level is at dangerous or too dangerous level. The forecast scoring method is also used to estimate the efficiency, giving the POD (probability of detection), FAR (false alarm rate) and TS (threat score). The result demonstrates that the initiative lightning protection technology is a better improvement and supplement for the passive lightning protection technology. In contrast with the quantity of lightning flashes, warning results of 4 radio stations is 69%, and with the forecast scoring method the probability of detection is 53%. The system gives better warning result in the area where lightning activities are centralized than in the area where lightning activities is scattered.