土库曼斯坦马雷绿洲土地利用程度的遥感与GIS分析

本文以土库曼斯坦马雷绿洲为研究区,建立土地利用程度指数模型,利用2期遥感图像进行土地利用分类,对不同土地利用类型赋予相应属性;用正六边形网格采样,计算每个网格单元的土地利用程度综合指数;利用Kriging方法,对整个研究区进行土地利用程度综合指数插值和预测,分析马雷绿洲土地利用程度。结果表明:(1)研究区可利用土地利用类型主要为草地、耕地和撂荒地,占研究区的50%左右,呈减少态势;(2)研究区土地利用程度由中心向外围呈带状分布,土地利用程度综合指数等值线0.5为研究区绿洲与荒漠分界;(3)研究区中等及以上土地利用程度面积以年均0.079%递减,主绿洲与荒漠的面积比也由2001年的45.14∶54.86分别降为2010年的42.06∶57.94,说明研究区生态环境有恶化的趋势;(4)低、较高、高土地利用程度自身转移率均大于80%,而较低、中等土地利用程度自身转移率在50%左右。本文得到了马雷绿洲土地利用程度空间分布及变化,对研究区社会经济的发展及生态环境的保护具有指导意义,其技术流程和方法对今后的相关研究有一定的借鉴意义。

Analysis of the land use degree of Mary Oasis,Turkmenistan using remote sensing and GIS

Land use is the main form of human activities which has profoundly changed the natural geographical environment, and its direct result is the situation of land cover change. The degree of land use not only reflectsthe natural attributes of soil, and also the combined effect of human and natural factors. This paper takes Mary Oasis, Turkmenistan, as the study area to establish a land use degree index model. We used two remote sensing images which are in the same phase and SVM method for land use classification, and gave the corresponding properties of each type of land use. Sampling in the study area based on regular hexagonal grids, area land use degree index in each grid cell is calculated by GIS. We made the index interpolation and the land use degree fore- cast for the entire study area using Kriging Method, divided the whole area into five levels, and analyzed the land use degree of Mary Oasis. It concluded： （1） grassland, arable land and abandoned land are the main avail- able land use types in the study area, and they account for about 50%, but have a decreasing trend totally; （2） the zonal distribution of land use degree of the study area is from the center to the periphery, and the contour 0.5 of land use degree is about the boundary of oasis and desert of the study area; （3） the area of middle and higher land use degree of the study area reduce at the rate of 0.079% per annum, the area ratio of main oasis and desert also reduced from 45.14：54.86 in 2001 to 42.06：57.94 in 2010, indicating that the ecological environment of the study area has a trend of deterioration; （4） the self-transfer rates of low, moderate and high land use degree are all great- er than 80%, while the self-transfer rates of slightly low and middle land use degree are around 50%. We got the spatial distribution and inter-annual change of the land use degree of Mary Oasis. And this work has a guiding significance for social development and the protection of the ecological environment of the study area, and has a certain referential significance for the future relevant research on the technical processes and methods.