2000年来塔里木盆地南缘绿洲环境演变

塔里木盆地是中国最大的内陆盆地，其南缘是中国生态环境最脆弱的地区，考古资料、历史文献及古气候信息均表明，2000a来该区生态环境发生了巨大变化，这种变化以绿洲时空演变和沙漠面积扩张为主要特征，导致了历史上许多著名古城镇的废弃和‘丝绸之路’南道的南移，本文分析了2000a来绿洲的分布与演化规律，并探讨了其自然及人为原因，指出20世纪以前绿洲的演变主要是在自然因素特别是气候干旱化影响下逐步形成的，而本世纪绿洲沙漠化和环境退化则主要是在干旱大背景下人类活动的结果。为防止本区现有绿洲进一步沙漠化及环境退化，应合理使用水土资源、调整大农业结构、开发优势资源、保护天然绿洲。

Environmental Changes of Oasis at the Southern Part of Tarim Basin during the Recent 2 000 Years

The southern part of the Tarim Basin is the most fragileeco-environment area in China. According to the archeological data, history references and paleoclimate information, its eco-environment has taken great changes during the recent 2 000 years, which are characterized by the evolution and desertification of oasis and lead to many famous ancient cities having been abandoned and the south ‘silk road’ has been moved southward. This paper analyses distribution and evolution of oasis, outlines the natural and man-made causes for the changes. The results show that oasis environmental changes are due to the aridization of climate before 20th century but mainly attribute to the human activities after into the 20th century. In order to prevent its eco-environment from further damaging, some adaptive measures should be taken timely: ① to develop and utilize water and soil resources rationally; ② to regulate the structure of agriculture; ③ to develop some preponderant resources such as solar and wind ; ④ to protect natural oasis effectively.