沉积盆地深部流体活动及油气成藏效应

沉积盆地深部流体包括幔源深部流体和壳源岩浆等,它们对成矿和油气成藏具有广泛而明显的影响。深部流体的油气成藏效应主要表现在四个方面:(1)形成与深部流体活动有关的无机成因气藏;(2)通过物质和能量交换,参与烃源岩的干酪根热解生烃;(3)通过溶蚀或交代,改变储层的岩石成分或孔渗结构进而改善其储集性能;(4)通过增温,驱动油气快速运移。论述了沉积盆地深部流体对油气成藏效应的研究进展及对油气勘探的重要意义。

Deep Fluid Activities and Their Effectiveness on Hydrocarbon Generation and Accumulation in Sedimentary Basins

Deep fluid activities and effectiveness of deep fluids on hydrocarbon generation and accumulation in sedimentary basins is a frontier project in petroleum geology research. Recent progress on the research is reviewed in this paper. Deep fluids affecting hydrocarbon generation and accumulation include mantle-sourced fluid and earth crust-sourced magma. Deep fluid activities have obvious effectiveness on mineralization and hydrocarbon accumulation. The main effectiveness may be reflected at following aspects: (1) Fluid activity-related inorganic-genetic gas reservoirs formed; (2) Deep fluids influenced maturation conversion of source rocks by exchanging energy and participated in hydrocarbon generation during kerogen degradation in basins; (3) Deep fluids changed lithologic compositions of reservoirs or porosity structures and then improved reservoir capability; and (4) Calefacient effectiveness of deep fluids provided thermal power for hydrocarbon migration and accelerated course of the migration.