地震在滑坡体上的响应形式研究:以苦地瓜子滑坡为例

地震滑坡分为三大类，即高度破裂或严重高度破裂滑坡、存在分离剪切面的滑坡以及以流相为主的滑坡。在中国西
南地区，根据地震滑坡特点，按其运动方式划分为：推移式滑坡、牵引式滑坡、溜滑性滑坡和崩塌性滑坡四大类。在四川
省茂县苦地瓜子滑坡特征的调查中，发现了一些较为特殊的地质现象，主要包括以下几点：（1） 滑坡上游边界冲沟中湖相
沉积和滑坡体上分布的湖积物表明苦地瓜子滑坡曾经发生过堵江事件，部分为堵江后的堰塞湖区域，在此区域发生河湖相
沉积，其结果是滑坡此部分被湖积物所覆盖，呈现出了与其他几个区覆盖物截然不同的现象；（2） 苦地瓜子滑坡中下部发
现砂土液化现象及规律性排列的裂缝；（3） 踏勘时在滑坡中下部发现直立错坎，错坎两侧土性不同，在颜色和物质组成上
都有较明显不同。错坎左侧为粉土状物质，而右侧以碎石土为主；（4） 在滑坡的中部以及中偏下部位都发现有平行于滑动
方向的裂缝；（5） 现场调查时在坡体中上部发现有充填楔，充填物颗粒较大、磨圆度较好，与地面盖层的颜色、岩性条件
相同。综合各种现象进行分析，室内试验和数据统计，认为茂县苦地瓜子滑坡为地震诱发的滑坡，并且可以从此滑坡中发
现地震滑坡与普通滑坡明显不同,往往在现场留下自重引起的滑坡不好解释的现象，主要有砂土液化迹象、充填楔、地震陡
坎、平行于滑动方向的裂隙；此外地震滑坡还具有等时性和群发性的特点。

Study on the Responses of Landslide to Earthquake:Taken Kudiguazi Landslide as An Example

Seismic landslides are divided into three categories, namely high rupture or serious landslide, landslide associated with the separated shear surface rupture, landslide in stream facies. In the southwest China, landslides are divided into four types: lapsed, tractive, sliding, and collapsed landslide according to the characteristics of seismic landslides. Some special geological phenomena are found during the investigation of the characteristics of landslides in Kushuiguazi, Maoxian, Sichuan Province. The special features are: (1) the upstream boundary thrust of landslide lake sediments and landslide groove body distribution of lake sediments show that Kushuiguazi landslide damming events have occurred. As a result, part of the landslide is covered by lake sediments and part of it is present, showing different covering phenomena from several other areas; (2) liquification phenomenon is found in Kushuiguazi landslide and regular arrangement of carcks are noticed; (3) the upright scarp is discovered in the lower part of the landslide. Soils on both sides are different in color and composition. The left side consists of silty soil, while the right side is dominated by gravel soil; (4) cracks parallel to the sliding direction are found in the middle and lower slope; (5) the field investigation on the upper slope found a filling wedge that consists of the large, rounded particles derived from the overlying soil. Synthesis of all kinds of features, indoor tests and statistics analysis of data, Kushuiguazi landslide of Maoxian may be earthquake induced based on features that cannot be explained by landslide associated with self-weight such as sand liqu fication, filling wedge, earthquake and steep scarp, fractures parallel to the sliding direction. Also, the occurrence of lots of landslides at the same time point to earthquake as cause of the Kuguazi landslide. The results of this study can provide some basis for the study of seismic landslides.