黑龙江省沙尘天气发生的气候背景和预报方法

对2000～2003年黑龙江省较典型的7次沙尘天气过程进行气候条件和地面天气形势分析，并对沙尘天气影响下哈尔滨地区的空气污染状况特别是颗粒物污染进行了分析。结果表明：持续少雨、高温、春季大风是发生沙尘天气的气候条件；沙尘天气发生时，中等以上污染的地面天气形势有高低压同时发展、强低压发展、春季其它类型鞍形场均值区和弱低压内3种类型；在沙尘天气影响下，哈尔滨地区的颗粒污染物浓度迅速上升，形成中、重度污染。建立了未来24h发生沙尘天气的高空及地面预报模型。

Climatic Conditions for Sandstorm Occurrence and Resulting Air Pollution over Heilongjiang Province

The climatic conditions and weather patterns of seven typical sandstorms from 2000 to 2003 over Heilongjiang Province, as well as the resulting air pollution, especially particle pollutants, were analyzed. It was concluded that the climatic conditions for sandstorm occurrence include high temperature, strong winds in spring and persistent rainless periods; there are four kinds of weather patterns favorable to the occurrence of air pollution during sandstorm weather. Furthermore, the conditions of air pollution, especially the particle pollution in Harbin were analyzed. Under the effect of sandstorm weather, the particulate concentration increases rapidly, and as a result, the medium to serious air pollution events occur in Harbin.