黄河上游气候变化对地表水的影响

利用1961~2002年黄河上游唐乃亥水文站水文资料及同期该流域气象资料,研究黄河上游流域气候变化及其对地表水资源的影响,结果表明: 黄河上游年流量呈现出逐年减少趋势,20世纪90年代以来减少趋势更为明显;黄河上游流域气候变化表现出气温升高、降水减少和蒸发增大的干旱化趋势,这一变化趋势在90年代以来尤为突出;气温升高、降水量减少和蒸发量增大是导致黄河上游流量减少的气候原因,其中降水量是影响流量的主要气候因子,降水量的减少特别是夏季降水量的减少直接导致了黄河上游流量的减少。

The Influence of Climate Change on Surface Water in the Upper Yellow River

Based on the hydrological data of Tangnag hydrometric station in the upper Yellow (Huanghe) River and meteorological data of this river basin in the same period, this paper studied the influence of climate change on surface water resource in the upper Yellow River. The results show that the annual flow in the upper Yellow River has been decreasing, it is especially more significant since the 1990s; while the climate change in the upper Yellow River tends toward desiccation with the increase of air temperature, decrease of precipitation and increment of evaporation, which is extremely significant in the 1990s. The increase of air temperature, decrease of precipitation and increment of evaporation resulted in the decrease of flow in the upper Yellow River, and among them, precipitation amount is the main climate factor to impact flow. The decrease of precipitation amount, especially its decrease in summer, is the direct cause to make the flow decrease in the upper Yellow River.