智能时代泛在测绘的再思考

本文首先给出泛在测绘的定义和内涵,然后将传统测绘与泛在测绘进行了比较分析,指出由于互联网实现了人与人的信息便捷交互,互联网时代的泛在测绘最显著的推动力就是为满足人与社会及人与环境的多种需求,人本身也成为了测绘的对象。同时,对环境变化的动态感知,对人与环境关系的感知、认知和相应服务成了泛在测绘的重点特色要素。本文还指出互联网因其位置的虚拟性和网络时间标准过低,无法满足对物理世界协同感知和远程广域协同管控的需求,因此互联网、物联网必须向具有精准时空位置感知能力的泛在网演进。文章论述了“泛在网”随着互联网和物联网的演进,是具有“无时不有,无所不在”时空特性的感知网络,并且随着需求的扩展,正演进出“无所不包,无所不能”的智能化需求态势。目前,只有包括北斗在内的全球卫星导航系统,即GNSS技术,能够赋予泛在网在广域和全球范围内具有时空位置感知和管控的能力。在泛在网的支持下,泛在测绘正在发展以实时精准时空感控为特征,以实现陆海天空网一体化、室内外一体化,并实现人与物理世界及虚拟网络世界交互的感知、探测、认知和调控。由此,泛在网也成为智能时代的关键信息基础设施。为了理解智能时代泛在测绘的需求,文章从自然智能及时空位置观出发,对于智能、智慧和人工智能的定义做了新的梳理。针对智能时代人工智能中跨界融合、人机协同、群智开放和自主操控4个热点研究方向及其在军事、工程、实时高精地图及地震预警等的应用,论述了泛在测绘在其中所发挥的基础性、关键性和协同性作用。本文最后还展望了网络虚拟世界的泛在测绘、数字孪生虚拟人的构建及国家安全“制时空权”等智能时代泛在测绘的新领域发展趋势。

Rethinking ubiquitous mapping in the intelligent age

The definition and connotation of ubiquitous surveying and mapping are given at first. The differences from the traditional surveying and mapping are analyzed and presented. Since the Internet enables convenient interaction of information between people, the most significant progress of ubiquitous mapping in the Internet age is to meet diverse demands about relations between human beings and the society, as well as human beings and the environment, which means that human beings have become the mapping target. At the same time, ubiquitous mapping also focuses on the dynamic perception of environmental changes, the perception and cognition and corresponding services of the relationship between human beings and the environment. This paper indicates that the Internet cannot meet the demands of coordinated perception to physical world or the coordinated management neither the control of remote wide area due to the virtuality of its position and the too low network time standard. Therefore, the Internet and the Internet of Things shall advance towards the ubiquitous network with the capability of perceiving accurate space-time position. This paper discuss that the ubiquitous network is a perceptive network with space-time characteristics of “Any Time and Any Where” with the evolution of the Internet and the Internet of Things, and is evolving towards “Any Thing and Any Service” with the expansion of the intelligent demands. Currently, only the global satellite navigation system including Beidou, namely GNSS technology, is able to provide the ubiquitous network with space-time position perception and management and control capability in wide area and the global scale. Supported by ubiquitous network, ubiquitous mapping is developing with the characteristics of real-time and accurate space-time perception and control, to realize the perception, cognition, and regulation of land, sea and air network integration, indoor and outdoor integration, and the integration of human beings into physical world and virtual network world as well. As a result, the ubiquitous network will also be the key information infrastructure in the intelligent age. To understand the demands of ubiquitous mapping in the intelligent age, this paper combs through the definition of intelligence, wisdom and artificial intelligence from the perspective of natural intelligence and space-time position. The fundamental, key and coordinated role of ubiquitous mapping is discussed based on the four hot research directions of the new-generation artificial intelligence, including the cross-border integration, human-machine coordination, open collective intelligence and autonomous control, and its application to military, engineering, real-time and high-precision mapping as well as the earthquake early warning. At last, this paper sheds light on the vision of future application trend of ubiquitous mapping to new fields in the intelligent age, such as ubiquitous mapping of the virtual space, construction of digital twin virtual human, and “space and time sovereignty” to national security.