新疆赛里木湖近岸表层水典型抗生素的赋存与风险评价

利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)检测了2019年3月份和7月份新疆赛里木湖近岸表层水中12种抗生素的浓度水平,分析了赛里木湖表层水中典型抗生素的时空分布特征及生态风险.结果表明,氧氟沙星和磺胺甲恶唑为赛里木湖中主要抗生素污染物,春季最高检出浓度分别为2.7×10~4和1.8×10~3ng/L,其次为红霉素(71.7ng/L)和土霉素(15.9 ng/L),其余抗生素浓度均小于10.0 ng/L.与其他湖泊或河流地表水相比,赛里木湖抗生素浓度除磺胺甲恶唑和氧氟沙星外,基本处于中等或低水平.由于人类活动和水力流动等因素,抗生素浓度存在时空分布差异,夏季抗生素浓度比春季低2～4个数量级;位于养殖区内的S1点位抗生素总浓度明显高于其他点位.风险评估结果表明,春季红霉素、氧氟沙星和磺胺甲恶唑对赛里木湖生态环境持高风险(RQ1).

Occurrence and ecological risk of typical antibiotics in surface water of the Lake Sayram, Xinjiang

Occurrence characteristic of antibiotics in the surface water of Lake Sayram in Xinjiang were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole were the main antibiotic pollutants in Lake Sayram. The highest concentrations of ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole were 2.7×10⁴ ng/L and 1.8×10³ ng/L, respectively, followed by erythromycin (71.7 ng/L) and oxytetracycline (15.9 ng/L). Others were less than 10.0 ng/L. The antibiotic concentration of Lake Sayram, except for sulfamethoxazole and ofloxacin, were basically at a medium or low level compared with most surface water. Due to human activities and hydraulic flow or other factors, the concentration of antibiotics in summer was 2-4 orders of magnitude lower than that in spring, and the total concentration of antibiotics in aquaculture area (S1 site) was higher than that in other points. The risk assessment showed that erythromycin, ofloxacin and sulfamethoxazole had a high risk to the ecological environment of the lake in spring(RQ>1).