我国台风风暴潮灾害研究

我国是世界上台风登陆最频繁、灾害损失最多的国家之一。本文基于热带气象局发布的热带气旋资料(1990-2018)及自然资源部发布的《海洋灾害公报》(2000-2018)资料,对影响我国的台风特征及风暴潮灾害进行分析研究,结果显示:1990-2018年间登陆我国的台风不仅次数多,强度大,而且登陆的频率和强度都在增加,这对我国沿海地区的威胁进一步加剧;登陆我国的台风季节性特征明显,主要集中在7-9月份;登陆地点遍布中国沿海地区,主要集中在浙江省及其以南沿海省市;受台风风暴潮灾害影响,南部沿海地区受损严重,尤其是广东省、福建省、海南省和浙江省,这与台风登陆地点有很好的相关性。随着我国防灾减灾意识的加强,近年来台风风暴潮灾害给我国沿海地区带来的灾害损失有所减弱,但是每年的损失依旧很高,我国需要努力完善台风风暴潮风险评估体系,提高灾害预警能力,采取更多的措施来降低台风风暴潮对我国沿海地区的不良影响。

Research on typhoon storm surge disaster in China

China is one of the countries with the most frequent typhoon landings and the most disaster losses in the world.Based on the tropical cyclone data released by the Tropical Meteorological Bureau(1990-2018)and the Marine Disaster Bulletin issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources(2000-2018),typhoon characteristics and storm surge disasters affecting China are analyzed.It is found that typhoons landing in China from 1990 to 2018 are not only frequent and strong,but also increasing in frequency and intensity,which further aggravates the threat to China’s coastal areas.The seasonal characteristics of typhoons landing in China are obvious,mainly concentrated in July-September.The landing sites are scattered throughout China’s coastal areas,mainly in Zhejiang province and its southern coastal provinces.Affected by typhoon storm surge,the southern coastal areas were badly damaged,especially in Guangdong,Fujian,Hainan and Zhejiang provinces,which have a good correlation with the landing site of the typhoon.With the strengthening of awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in China in recent years,the damage from typhoon storm surge disaster has been reduced in China’s coastal areas,but the annual losses are still high.China still needs to improve the typhoon storm surge risk assessment system,to improve disaster warning capacity,to take more measures to reduce the adverse effects of typhoon storm surge on China’s coastal areas.