含油气盆地微观裂缝脉体期次、成因与流体演化研究进展及展望

沉积岩石中断裂与裂缝是含油气盆地流体活动的重要通道，断裂与裂缝中充填的不同期次、不同类型的矿物脉体是烃-水-岩相互作用的产物，记录了断裂、裂缝形成过程中不同期次流体性质、组分、来源以及温压场、氧化还原环境等信息，为研究沉积盆地断裂发育、流体动力场特征、物理化学环境及封闭与保存条件等地层古流体活动、动态演化过程提供了重要线索。系统总结了含油气盆地微观裂缝脉体流体活动示踪、演化的基本方法及其地质应用现状，认为目前主要集中在三个方面:①通过对裂缝脉体充填的成岩矿物岩石学观察，分析成岩矿物类型、结构及形成的相对次序；②通过对脉体成岩矿物的同位素、微量-稀土元素、流体包裹体等地球化学测试，示踪成脉古流体性质、来源、温压-氧化还原环境等；③通过对脉体成岩矿物放射性同位素(如U-Pb、Re-Os等)的测试，精确确定脉体形成时间，结合区域构造演化探讨脉体形成过程、流体动力场环境及其动态演化过程。最后分析了现有研究方法存在的问题，探讨今后的发展趋势及地质应用前景，以期为含油气盆地古流体演化及其与油气运移、聚集与保存等油气成藏机理的研究提供参考。 

Research progress and prospects of the stages,genesis and fluid evolution of micro-fracture veins in petroliferous basins

Faults and fractures in sedimentary rocks are important channels for fluid activities in petroliferous basins.Different stages and types of mineral veins filled in fractures are the product of hydrocarbon-water-rock interactions, recording the formation process of faults and fractures fluid properties, components, sources, temperature and pressure fields, redox environment and other information in different stages of the process. They provide important clues to study the development of faults in sedimentary basins, the characteristics of fluid dynamic fields, physical and chemical environments.This paper systematically summarizes the basic methods of fluid activity tracing and evolution of fracture veins in petroliferous basins and their current geological applications, and believes that they are mainly concentrated in three aspects: First, through the petrological observation of diagenetic minerals filled with fracture veins, to analyze the type, structure and relative order of formation of diagenetic minerals; the second is to trace the nature, source, temperature and pressure of vein-forming paleo-fluids through geochemical tests such as isotopes, trace rare earth elements, and fluid inclusions of vein diagenetic minerals- redox environment, etc.; the third is to accurately determine the formation time of veins by testing radioisotopes of diagenetic minerals in veins(such as U-Pb, Re-Os, etc.), and discuss vein formation processes and hydrodynamic fields based on regional structural evolution environment and its dynamic evolution process.Finally, the problems of existing research methods are analyzed, and the future development trends and geological application prospects are discussed, in order to provide references for the study of the evolution of paleofluid in petroliferous basins and their relationship with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation and preservation.