锡林郭勒牧区聚落体系演化特征及其机制

以锡林郭勒牧区（9旗市）145个规模以上聚落为研究客体,采用全国5次（1964年、1982年、1990年、2000年、2010年）人口普查数据及2015年调查数据,运用GIS空间分析技术、空间统计技术等方法,对研究区聚落体系的结构形态、规模等级、时空演变特征及机制进行分析。结构形态的动态特征表明,一定程度的外在作用力对地理环境基底均衡性产生影响,进而将对Christaller景观产生重大影响;规模等级的动态特征在不同时期遵循严格的规模-位序法则;50 a间,聚落规模总体变化速率基本与历史上的“大事件”一一对应。锡林郭勒牧区聚落体系的演化特征及其机制表明,经典的中心地体系在典型牧区依然受传统因素的影响,而当前对中心地体系影响深刻的信息化、网络化等因素在牧区未产生显著影响。另外,促使聚落体系演变的驱动因素以外因为主,内生动力不足为其主要特征。总体认为,锡林郭勒牧区聚落体系的时空演化特征对蒙古高原人地关系系统的调控与优化具有重要参考价值。

The Evolvement Characteristics and Mechanism of Settlement System in Xilingol Pastoral Area

Based on the 145 settlements as the research object in Xilingol pastoral area (nine counties), adapting five national population census data (1964, 1982, 1990, 2000, 2010) and data in 2015, the article analyzes the structure configuration, scale grade, feature of spatial and temporal evolution to the settlement system in study area by means of GIS spatial analysis technique, spatial statistical technique, etc. Dynamic characteristics of morphological structure show that: A degree of external force influences the balance in geographical environment base, further, critically influences Christaller landscape; Scale grade’s dynamic analysis follows rank-size rule; During 50 years, the overall change rate of settlement scale corresponds to the "big event" in history. The evolution characteristics and mechanism of Xilingol League’s settlement system show that, traditional central place system is still influenced by traditional factors in typical pastoral areas. However, the factors such as informationzation and networking, which are deeply influenced by the central land system, have not had significant influence in the pastoral area. In addition, the characteristics of driving factor that promote the evolution of the settlement system are external cause and lack of endogenous power.