传统村落景观脆弱性及其定量评价——以湖南省新田县为例

以脆弱性理论为基础,提出传统村落景观脆弱性的概念,从“内损性-暴露性”2个维度构建传统村落景观脆弱性定量评价指标体系,通过实地踏勘、文献查阅、问卷调查和访谈等方法获取数据,对湖南省新田县的3个典型传统村落进行定量评价。结果表明：① 3个案例村落的景观脆弱度均为中等脆弱等级：谭文溪村脆弱性最大,河山岩村次之,黑砠岭村脆弱性最小。② 从脆弱度得分贡献来看,系统内部结构是影响传统村落脆弱性的主要驱动因素,暴露性是次要因素。内部结构因素中,民俗文化和传统建筑是主因;外部扰动因素中,旅游开发是主因。③ 从各要素的相对脆弱率看,民俗文化、旅游开发和城镇化分列前3位,是当前传统村落脆弱性最明显、脆弱程度最深的影响因素。④ 评价结果与实际情况比较吻合,说明评价指标体系和评价方法具有一定的可信度。

Landscape Vulnerability and Quantitative Evaluation of Traditional Villages: A Case Study of Xintian County,Hunan Province

Assessment of vulnerability is a new perspective and method of traditional village comprehensive research. Based on vulnerability theories, this article puts forward the concept of the fragility of traditional village landscape. The quantitative evaluation index system of landscape vulnerability in traditional villages was constructed from the two dimensions of internal damage and exposure. And the datum are obtained by spot-surveying, literature searching, questionnaires and interviews, etc. Through the quantitative method, evaluating three typical traditional villages in Xintian County, Hunan Province. The results show that the landscape vulnerability of the three case villages is medium vulnerability level, and disparities are not large. Among them, Tan Wenxi village is the most vulnerable, the Heshan rock village is the second, and the Heijuling village the least. In the course of vulnerability score contribution, the internal structure of the system is the main driving factor affecting the vulnerability of traditional villages, and the exposure is the secondary factor. In the internal structural factors, folk culture and traditional architecture are the main factors. Among the external disturbance factors tourism development is the main factor. From the relative vulnerability rate of each element, folklore culture, tourism development and urbanization are the top three factors, which show these three elements are the most obvious vulnerability of traditional villages. The evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation, and all of this indicates the evaluation index system and evaluation method have certain credibility and can provide important management basis for the protection and sustainable discovery of traditional villages.