黑龙江垦区农业现代化水平评价

以黑龙江垦区为例,在对其农业现代化水平进行国际比较基础之上,从农业生产现代化、物质装备现代化、经营管理现代化、农业生活现代化、农业环境保护5个方面,构建了黑龙江垦区农业现代化水平的综合评价指标体系。基于熵值法,对2000年以来的黑龙江垦区农业现代化水平进行了综合测度。结果表明,垦区在作物单产、农机装备水平、单位耕地化肥施用量和有机作物种植占比等方面已达到发达国家水平,但在经营规模、农业产业化、农产品加工业等方面差距较大。黑龙江垦区的农业现代化综合水平稳步提高,以农业生产现代化和农业生活现代化的快速演进为主,其次是物质装备现代化和经营管理现代化,农业环境保护水平有所下降,其中各子系统有不同演变特点。因此提出黑龙江垦区尚处于初步实现农业现代化阶段,未来需要进一步加强体制机制改革,攻克现代农业发展中的各种问题,全面实现农业现代化。

Measuring the Agricultural Modernization Level of Heilongjiang Reclamation Areas in China

As one of the most rapidly modernized agricultural areas, reclamation areas play an exemplary role in the development of modern agriculture in China. In this article, we take the Heilongjiang reclamation areas as the study region and discusses the agricultural modernization level of Heilongjiang reclamation areas in two aspects. First, this article make a international comparison of agricultural modernization between the Heilongjiang reclamation areas and the developed countries. Second, from the essential meaning of agricultural modernization, this article establishes a comprehensive evaluation index system, including 5 aspects changing: agricultural production, material and equipment, management, agricultural life, and agricultural environment. Based on the method of entropy, the measure and evolution of Heilongjiang reclamation areas’s agricultural modernization are analyzed since 2000. The international comparison result indicate that the Heilongjiang Reclamation areas has reached the level of developed countries in crop yield, agricultural machinery level, fertilizer application and organic crop cultivation. However, there is still a big gap in scale of operation and the industrialization of agriculture. The comprehensive evaluation result shows that Heilongjiang reclamation area’s agricultural modernization level continues improving. Agricultural production and agricultural life modernization are the main features of rapid evolution of agricultural modernization, followed by the equipment and management, and the agricultural environment is the least advanced. The evolution of all the five subsystems has unique characteristics. To realize the agricultural modernization, Heilongjiang reclamation area still has a long way to go, hence more policies should be formulated to solve problems of modern agriculture development.