珠三角制造业集聚特征及基于增量的演变分析

基于宏观统计数据的传统产业集聚研究方法多以行政区划为空间统计单位,难以体现产业的空间连续性。数据开放平台上企业数据集的出现,使得基于微观层面的产业集聚研究成为可能。本文收集了2008-2014年珠三角地区制造业企业工商登记数据,采用基于距离的指数体系及核密度分析等方法,对2008年珠三角制造业集聚特征及2008-2014年基于增量的制造业聚集演变进行了分析,主要结论为：①珠三角区域制造业沿西北—东南向集中分布于深圳、佛山、广州、东莞、中山5市,周边各市制造业密度相对较低;②集聚程度与行业属性密切相关,技术密集型行业集聚程度最高,资本密集型行业分散程度最高,劳动密集型制造业呈现微弱集聚水平,而资源密集型行业无明显集聚或呈分散特征;③2008-2014年新增企业数量呈逐年上升趋势,不同城市变化趋势差异较大,其中深圳市新增制造业企业逐年减少,东莞、中山等市新增制造业企业上升趋势明显,其余各市维持平稳或缓慢增长。新增制造业企业重心存在从深圳逐渐向东莞、中山等市转移的现象。新增制造业企业中,技术密集型制造业企业数量占比有所降低,而劳动密集型制造业企业数量有所上升,集聚指数亦表现出相同趋势,表明技术密集型制造业和劳动密集型制造业正在发生结构和空间演变。

Manufacturing industry agglomeration characteristics in the Pearl River Delta and evolution based on growth data

Traditional industrial agglomeration research methods based on macroscopic statistical data use mostly administrative divisions as spatial statistical units, and it is difficult to reflect the spatial continuity of industries. The emergence of enterprise data sets on open data platforms makes it possible to study industrial agglomerations at the micro level. This study collected industrial and commercial registration data of manufacturing enterprises in the Pearl River Delta region and adopted a distance-based index system and nuclear density analysis methods to analyze the manufacturing clustering characteristics of the Pearl River Delta region in 2008 and the manufacturing aggregation growth based on increments from 2008 to 2014. Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: The Pearl River Delta region's manufacturing industry is concentrated in five cities, including Shenzhen, Foshan, Guangzhou, Dongguan, and Zhongshan, in northwest-southeast direction. The manufacturing density of the surrounding cities is relatively low. The degree of agglomeration and industry attributes are closely related—technology-intensive industries have the highest degree of agglomeration, capital-intensive industries have the highest degree of dispersion, labor-intensive manufacturing industries have a weak concentration, and resource-intensive industries have no obvious agglomeration or dispersion characteristics. The number of newly established enterprises increased from year to year in 2008-2014, and there were significant differences between different cities. Among them, the newly established manufacturing enterprises in Shenzhen have decreased year by year, the newly established manufacturing enterprises in Dongguan, Zhongshan, and other places have increased significantly, and other cities have remained stable or increased slowly. The newly established manufacturing industry has gradually shifted its focus from Shenzhen to Dongguan and Zhongshan. Among them, the proportion of technology-intensive manufacturing enterprises has decreased, while the number of labor-intensive manufacturing enterprises has increased. The agglomeration index also shows the same trend, indicating that technology-intensive manufacturing and labor-intensive manufacturing is undergoing structural and spatial changes.