宅基地退出外部环境地域差异实证分析——基于武汉市东西湖区84个样点的分析

现阶段中国宅基地“乱象”引起了全社会的高度关注,学者们围绕宅基地退出问题从各个视角进行了广泛的探讨。宅基地退出外部环境作为外生约束条件,对农户宅基地退出意愿具有重要影响。本文以收益性空间界限理论为基础,构建了宅基地退出外部环境收益空间界限模型;并以2015年武汉市东西湖区84个宅基地样点为对象,从微观尺度单元视角对城乡宅基地退出外部环境综合收益地域差异进行系统分析。结果发现：城乡结合区农户宅基地退出外部环境综合收益为正(B>0),宅基地退出外部环境较好,农户宅基地退出意愿较高;而城市中心区和偏远农村地区宅地基退出外部环境综合收益为负(B<0),宅基地退出外部环境较差,农户宅基地退出意愿不高。研究结论可为政府在宅基地退出管理中“因地施策”,构建“城乡互助”宅基地退出机制提供决策参考依据。

An empirical study on regional differences of the external environment of rural residential land exit: An analysis on 84 rural residential land spots of Dongxihu District,Wuhan City

At present, the rural residential land "chaos" has attracted wide attention of the Chinese society, and scholars have carried out extensive research on the issue of rural residential land exit. As an external constraint, the environment of rural residential land exit has important impacts on farmers' willingness to exit their residential land. Based on the income space boundary location model theory, this study constructed the income space boundary location model of the external environment of rural residential land exit. Taking 84 rural residential land samples in Dongxihu District of Wuhan City in 2015 as objects, this article makes a systematic analysis of the regional differences in the comprehensive income of urban and rural residential land exit at the micro scale. The results indicates that: the comprehensive income of rural residential land exit is positive (B>0) in Urban-rural integration area, the external environment of rural residential land exit is relatively good there, and the willingness of farmers toward rural residential land exit is relatively high; the comprehensive income of rural residential land exit is negative (B<0)in central urban areas and remote rural area, the external environment of rural residential land exit is poor, and the willingness of farmers toward rural residential land exit is not high. The conclusions can provide some reference for the government to apply measures in line with local conditions in land use management and construct the urban-rural mutual support mechanism of rural residential land exit.