多元主体视角下城市人居环境需求异质性研究——以昆山经济技术开发区为例

以大样本问卷调查为基础,利用多种统计分析工具对不同属性设定下居住主体人居环境需求的因子结构、因子载荷、需求指向以及空间分布进行了探索和分析,结果表明：地缘、收入、年龄、学历以及职业等属性对主体人居环境需求影响较为显著,据此可将主体划分为具有较强代表性的不同类型群体,不同类群主体的人居环境需求结构表现出较为明显的差异性和指向性;各类群主体的人居环境需求维度均打破了需求层次结构,更多地体现在居住、交通、公共设施等功能结构上;不同类群主体在空间分布上具有一定集聚性和差异性,经济情况较好群体的聚居地的人居环境质量较高,经济水平偏低群体的聚居地的宜居性较差,区域人居环境的优劣差距使得主体人居环境需求异质性特征更加突出。据此认为进行基于资源供需平衡的区域建设分类指导很重要,并根据不同性质群体的人居环境需求情况提出了有针对性的城市规划建设的政策建议。

Heterogeneity for Urban Human Settlements Demand from the Perspective of Multiple Subjects: A Case Study of Kunshan Economic and Technological Development Zone

Due to pollution, overpopulation, the agglomeration of population and industry, the deterioration of urban human settlements is becoming more and more common. Therefore, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out extensive research on the suitability of urban residence, mainly focusing on the concept, content, influencing factors and evaluation methods of it. On the basis of large sample questionnaire surveys, with series of mathematical statistical analysis tools, this paper explores factor structure, factor loading, orientation types and spatial distribution of human settlements demand under different attributes. The results are as follows：1) Because the characteristics of regional relation, economic income, age, and occupation have the significant impact on the human settlements, the resident subjects can be divided into different types of groups with strong representativeness, of which different groups have different demand orientations according to factor loading intensity and common factor structure. 2) The dimensions of human settlements demand have broken the hierarchy of needs, are mainly embodied in the functional structure of housing conditions, transportation, public facilities, community quality, self-improvement and so on. 3) There are obvious spatial differences in regional human settlements demand, of which the core zone is higher than the fringe zone. The spatial disparities of the quality of human settlements intensify the differences of human settlements demand. Spatial differentiation of human settlements demand in different resident groups determines that urban construction faces different issues in different regions. The supply of resources in the construction of human settlements should match the core needs and spatial distribution of residents. This paper holds that it is very important to guide the classification of regional construction based on the balance of resources supply and demand, and puts forward some policy suggestions on urban planning and construction according to the needs of different groups of human settlements.