基于“三生空间”的土地利用转型与生态环境效应——以长江三角洲核心区为例

以长江三角洲核心区为例,利用1990、2000、2010年3期遥感影像解译获取土地利用变化数据,按照“生产-生态-生活”土地利用主导功能分类,通过土地利用转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数、土地利用转型的生态贡献率等方法,定量分析长江三角洲地区土地利用转型、时空格局特征与生态环境效应。结果表明：① 1990~2010年,长三角地区基于“三生用地”的土地利用转型表现为生产用地减少,生态用地稳定,及生活用地快速增加。② 长三角地区生态环境质量指数从1990年的0.470持续降至2010年的0.444,整体质量有所恶化,较高质量区和高质量区面积与比重保持稳定。③ 1990~2010年,长三角地区同时存在生态改善和恶化的两种趋势,生态环境改善小于环境恶化的趋势。城镇和农村生活用地、工矿生产用地对农业生产用地的挤占则是导致生态环境质量恶化的重要原因。

Land Use Transformation Based on Ecological-production-living Spaces and Associated Eco-environment Effects: A Case Study in the Yangtze River Delta

According to land use classification based on leading function of production, ecology and living, we take the Yangtze River Delta as a case and made use of land use change/cover data in 1990, 2000 and 2010 respectively by remote sensing interpretation obtained from Landsat TM and ETM+. And then we quantitatively analyze the characteristics of land functional structural and spatial transformation as well as its eco-environmental impacts. The methods discussed in the article include land use transfer matrix, index of regional eco-environmental quality and ecological contribution ratio of different kinds of land changes. The results show that: 1) Land use changes in the Yangtze River Delta is chiefly manifested as the area decrease of productive land, stability of ecological land and increase of living land. Main types of transformation are the conversion from agricultural productive land into urban and rural living land, and that from water and pasture ecological land into agricultural productive land, which makes land use structure maintain the dynamic balance. 2) The index of eco-environmental quality in the Yangtze River Delta has been reduced from 0.470 in 1990 to 0.444 in 2010, therefore the overall quality has deteriorated. The percent of the lower mass area is about 45%, which constitutes the main body of land use environment quality. The proportion and the size of higher quality and high quality regions remain stable. And then, due to the rapid expansion of urban and rural living land, make the expansion of low mass region as “hot spots”. The regions of relatively low quality and quality mainly distributed in the periphery of the hot zone, and form the “core - periphery” structure with the low quality region in space. 3) From 1990 to 2010, there are two trends of ecological improvement and deterioration in the Yangtze River Delta region. In the whole, the eco-environment quality of land use pattern declines slightly. The critical factor of eco-environmental improvement is the conversion from agricultural productive land into woodland, water and pasture and that of eco-environmental degradation is the large occupation of agricultural productive land by rural and urban living land.