转移企业地方嵌入的论争与研究动向

“嵌入”是理解转移企业与承接地集群以及全球/跨区生产网络互动耦合过程和机理的有效理论工具。自“嵌入”概念引入经济地理学以来,学界对转移企业地方嵌入意愿存在“被动”与“主动”的论争,对嵌入效应也存在积极与负面两种不同观点。通过对转移企业地方嵌入主要动因、影响因素、演进过程、区域效应等研究的系统梳理,发现不论基于“主动”还是“被动”意愿,转移企业地方嵌入都是其在“企业—地域”关系演化中维护并强化自身竞争力的地理敏感战略;嵌入过程受承接地条件、转移企业特质的双重影响;嵌入沿着“关系培育—价值链衔接—全球与地方生产网络战略耦合”的路径,逐步实现关系性嵌入和结构性嵌入;转移企业地方嵌入为承接地集群转型升级提供了“区位机会窗口”。转移企业地方嵌入研究今后需在四个方面加强和深化：一是构建一个以“关系—网络—演化”为主线的综合性分析框架;二是加强转移企业网络角色与绩效的定量研究;三是加强转移企业经济嵌入、技术嵌入、社会嵌入的相互影响研究;四是加强转移企业与承接地集群“双向嵌入”研究。

Debates and research trends of local embeddedness of transferred enterprises

The concept of "embeddedness" is useful for understanding the process and mechanism of interactive coupling of transferred enterprises, the industrial clusters of receiving places, and the global or trans-regional production network. Since the introduction of the concept of "embeddedness" in economic geography, there exist a debate of "active" and "passive" local embedded intentions of transferred enterprises in the academic circles, as well as two different views of positive effect and negative effect of local embedding of transferred enterprises. By systematically examining studies on the main motivations, influencing factors, evolution processes, regional effects, and so on of the local embeddedness of transferred enterprises, this research finds that, regardless of the willingness of enterprises, the local embeddedness of transferred enterprises is a geographic sensitive strategy to protect and strengthen their competitiveness in the evolution of firm-territory nexus. The embedding process is affected by the condition of the undertaking places and the quality of the transferred enterprises. The embedding process follows the path of "foster relationship-value chain cohesion-build global-local production network ," and gradually achieves relational embedding and structural embedding. The local embeddedness of transferred enterprises provides a "window of locational opportunity" for the transformation and upgrading of the enterprises and industrial clusters of the undertaking places. Finally, this article puts forward four research directions that need to be deepened and strengthened: (1) building a comprehensive research framework that uses "relation-network-evolution" as the main line; (2) strengthening quantitative research of the network role and performance of transferred enterprises; (3) enhancing the research of the interaction of the economic, technological, and social embeddedness of the transferred enterprises; and (4) promoting the research of the "two-way embeddedness" of transferred enterprises and the industrial clusters of the undertaking places.