基于POI数据的郑州市文化设施的区位布局特征与影响因素研究

以服务于居民的文化设施兴趣点为研究对象,采用标准差椭圆、核密度分析等方法,定量分析了2007年和2017年郑州市文化设施空间格局的演变,并从宏观的空间形态和微观的集聚中心2个方面对比分析了博物馆、图书馆、文化馆、美术馆、影剧院5类文化设施的区位布局特征;利用地理探测器,基于大规模实地调研数据引入居民行为因素探究对文化设施空间形态的影响,并针对郑州市文化设施规划发展的方向提出相关建议。研究表明：① 10 a来郑州市文化设施增长迅猛,由传统文化形式占优势转变为审美艺术和休闲文化占优势;② 不同类文化设施朝着均衡的方向发展;各类文化设施的集聚特征与其自身特点和城市实际发展情况相关。③ 居民可支配时间、消费习惯、居民文化水平等居民群体因素对文化设施分布的影响是不可忽视的,且不同因素对不同类文化设施的影响大小有较大差别。针对郑州市文化设施规划发展方向的建议：① 加强市区东北部和东南部文化设施建设;② 多注重审美艺术和休闲文化类设施的建设,迎合居民逐渐转变的精神与价值观趋向;③ 尝试文化设施的综合性布局和多用途开发;④ 在城市规划实践中综合考量不同居民群体对文化设施的需求程度和类型。

The Location Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Cultural Facilities in Zhengzhou Based on POI Data

In this article, taking the Point of Interest (POI) of cultural facilities serviced for residents as the research objects. We used the Standard Deviation Ellipse and Kernel Density Analysis methods to quantitatively analyze the spatial pattern evolution of cultural facilities of Zhengzhou between 2007 and 2017, and then investigate the location characteristics of five kinds of cultural facilities (museums, libraries, cultural centers, art galleries and theaters) from the view of macroscopic spatial figure and the microcosmic centralization centers. Residents' behavioral factors are introduced to explore the formation and impact on cultural facilities spatial pattern based on a large-scale survey data, and some relevant suggestions are put forward in the view of the development of cultural facilities planning in Zhengzhou. The results show that: 1) In the past 10 years, the cultural facilities in Zhengzhou have been growing rapidly, and the advantages of traditional cultural forms in 2007 have been changed into aesthetic and leisure culture in 2017. 2) From the analysis of spatial form and cluster center of five kinds of cultural facilities, compared with 10 years ago, different kinds of cultural facilities have developed in a balanced way. The agglomeration characteristics of various kinds of cultural facilities are related to their own characteristics and the actual development of Zhengzhou. 3) The population group factors such as residents' disposable time, consumption habits and residents' cultural level have important impacts on the distribution of cultural facilities, and the influence of these different factors on different types of cultural facilities is quite distinct. At the end of this article, we put forward several suggestions on the development direction of cultural facilities planning in Zhengzhou: 1) The construction of cultural facilities in the northeastern and southeastern parts of the city should been strengthened. 2) More attention should be paid to the construction of aesthetic art and cultural leisure facilities, in order to cater to the trend of people's changing spiritual needs and values. 3) The government can take comprehensive layout and multipurpose development of cultural facilities into account, which can help to improve the utilization efficiency of various facilities. 4) In the practice of urban planning, the demand and type of cultural facilities for different population groups should be taken into consideration.