日常活动视角下居民健康影响的性别差异——以广州为例

中国城市化转型背景下,居民的公共健康成为城市地理研究的一个热点。越来越多研究关注健康的性别差异,但基于日常活动视角分析居民健康的影响因素和路径的性别差异研究较为缺乏。因此,作者尝试通过构建结构方程模型探讨不同性别群体居民属性、建成环境、日常活动对健康影响的差异。研究发现：全职男性、全职女性与非全职女性的自评健康存在显著差异,得分依次降低;健康影响因素和影响路径存在性别差异,女性日常活动受到更多约束,其健康更大程度受所住社区周边建成环境和日常活动的影响;女性亚群体之间的健康及影响路径也存在差异;在考虑居民健康性别差异的同时,需要重视就业状况对健康的影响。日常活动视角能揭示居民属性和建成环境对健康影响的路径,有助于理解居民健康影响的性别差异。本文拓宽了健康影响因素的研究框架,对转型背景下改善建成环境,减少日常活动约束,关注健康的性别差异具有重要的现实意义。

Health effects of daily activities in different gender groups： Take Guangzhou as an example

Public health has become a key issue in urban study particularly under the background of China's urban transformation. Previous research has little concerned about residents' health from a perspective of daily activities, and most of the existing studies were conducted in cities of Western developed countries. Based on a questionnaire survey, a structural equation model was applied to explore the relationship between the built environment, daily activities, and health of different gender groups. It is concluded that there exist different paths and degrees of influence of different gender groups. Built environment and daily activities have greater influence on women' s health. Health disparities also exist between female subgroups. As a vital variable, daily activity helps to understand the gender difference of effects on health. These conclusions broaden the framework of health influencing factor and mechanism study, and deepen the understanding of health in gender roles from a perspective of daily activities.