农户行为视角下的乡村生产空间系统运行机制及重构启示

农户行为转变是乡村生产空间系统量变或从量变到质变的重要驱动力,乡村生产空间系统的运行实质上是农户行为作用的外在表现,厘清农户行为可为诠释乡村生产空间系统的运行机制提供平台。本文在剖析农户行为转变与乡村生产空间系统运行响应的理论框架基础上,从农户行为转变和乡村生产空间系统响应入手构建指标体系,建立模糊综合评价量化模型,并以重庆市江津区恒和村作为实证,诠释乡村生产空间系统运行机制。主要研究结论为：不同农户行为对乡村生产空间系统运行的影响程度各异,大体为生产大户>合作社农户>传统农户;不同农户行为对系统运行响应结果的作用差异明显,生产大户行为主要影响乡村生产空间的利用效率,合作社农户行为对提升生产空间系统经济效益作用明显,传统农户行为对生产空间系统环境改善的贡献作用最小。并从经济、社会、空间重构视角提出发展多种形式的适度规模化经营、培育新型农业经营主体和职业农民、合理引导农户技术和资本投入等建议,以实现乡村生产空间系统协调与均衡发展。

Operational mechanism and restructuring of rural production space system from the perspective of farming household behavior

The change of farming household behaviors is an important driving force for quantitative change or from quantitative to qualitative change of rural production space system. The operation of rural production space system is the external manifestation of farming household behaviors. Examining farming household behaviors can provide some insights for the interpretation of the operational mechanism of rural production space system. Based on a theoretical framework of farming household behavior transformation and the operational response of rural production space system, this study constructed the index system and established a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model from the perspective of farming household behavior transformation, and took Henghe Village of Jiangjin District in Chongqing Municipality as an example to interpret the operational mechanism of rural production space system. The main conclusions are as follows: the behaviors of various farming households effected differently on the operation of rural production space system, among which large agricultural producers showed greater impact than joint agricultural cooperatives, which in turn had greater impact than the traditional households. The impacts of different farming household behaviors on rural production space system operation were different, among which the behaviors of large agricultural producers mainly affected the utilization efficiency of rural production space system; the behaviors of joint agricultural cooperatives clearly improved the economic benefits of rural production space system; and the contribution of traditional household behaviors to the improvement of rural production space system was minimal. This study put forward some suggestions from the perspective of economic, social, and spatial restructuring including developing a variety of moderately large-scale operations, fostering new agricultural management entities and professional farmers, and guiding the input behavior of technology and capital of farming households in order to realize the coordination and balanced development of rural production space system.